一、介词的搭配与选择

介词不能在句子中独立地作为一个成分，而必须与后面的宾语结合成为介词短语，在句子中作为一个成分发挥作用。因此，选择什么样的介词要根据其后的宾语来决定。但是介词也有被前面的单词限制的情况，所以很多情况下，要根据介词前面的单词选择相应的介词。

二、介词的语法功能

介词与其他词类或成分相结合，可以在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以是定语(后缀)、状语、表语、宾语补充语、其他介词的宾语、断断续续的主语等。

例如：

the skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel。(属性)

her eyes were tired from long reading。(副词)

the decision is of great importance to me。(标语)

They found the machine in a bad state。(宾语补充语)

a pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain。(介词对象)

on purpose or not on purpose is of great difference。(主语)

三、介词的分类

介词是在用于名词短语或名词短语对应的结构之前，表示单词之间语义关系的词类。英语中常用的介词大致可分为四类。

1.简单介词

顾名思义，简单的介词是指由一个词组成的介词，也是最常用的介词。简单的介词也可以在形容词、副词、分词、名词、连接词等方面发生变化。常用的简单介词有：

Near、about、above、across、after、among、against、before、beyond、below、despite、between、

2.合成介词

指介词的其他介词或副词组成的介词。常用的合成介词如下：

Inside、into、onto、outside、throughout、towards、within、without等。

3.双重介词

指两个单个介词并列在一起，用作一个介词，表达一个完整意思的介词。(约翰f肯尼迪、介词、介词、介词、介词、介词、介词)常见的双重介词有：

From among、from behind、from under、until /till after等。

4.区介词

指由介词、介词名词、介词分词、介词动词、介词形容词、介词副词等构成的短语。常用短语包括：

如According to、along with、in front of、by means of、in spite of、together with和with regard to。旧介词和介词短语不同。介词短语由介词和宾语组成，本身可以作为句子成分使用，例如定语或鳗鱼等。词组介词是用作介词的词组，不能独立使用，本身不能作为句子成分使用，后面要跟着名词、动名词、代词等。

四、介词的宾语

介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他鱼类或句子等。例如：

n:The car ran into a wall，and two men were killed。

代名词：Wherever he went，he carried the photo with him。

形容词：Your plan is far from perfect。

副词：I can ' t see the tower clearly from came from afar。

动名词：he entered the room without taking off his hat。

不定式：He did nothing but cry。

前置词：she often studies till after midnight。

数字：In nine out often he won't come。

疑问词否定式：the problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle。

疑问词指南部分：He does not care about

that引导的从句：Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.

五、介词短语的句法功能

1.作定语

The key to the door is missing.

2.作表语

As we know, Japanis to the east of China.

3.作状语

1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (时间状语)

2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地点状语)

3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式状语)

六、介词的复合结构

1. 介词+宾语+形容词

He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

2. 介词+宾语+分词

The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

3. 介词+宾语+不定式

The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.

4. 介词+宾语+副词

The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.

5. 介词+宾语+介词短语

The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

七、介词的叠用

在少数介词之后还可接另一个介词短语，也就是我们所称的二重介词。如：

The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.

四、介词+and+介词

Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.

There are many trees in and outside the town.

八、介词的固定搭配

在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多，平时需要加强记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配，并且就较容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。

1.act as 担任 act for 代理

2.apply to 应用于，适合于，向……申请 apply for 申请，要求

3.belong to 属于 belong in住在，应该…… belong with 应归于(类别，范畴等)

4.call on 号召，请求，拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方) call in 请医生，召集，收集 call to 高声唤(某人)

5.compare with 跟……相比较 compare to 把……比作，与……相比

6.correspond with 与……通信;适合 correspond to 相当于

7.deal in 做生意，经营(=engage in) deal with 对付，论及，与……交往(=cope with)

8.play with 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on 玩(某种乐器)

9.suffer from 患(病)，受……祸患.

10.wait on 伺候 wait for等待

九、常易混用介词的区别

1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介词。

2. 表示地点的in和at的区别

a) at表示位置，in表示“在…内”如：

— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (问话者想知道的是位置)

— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (问话者可能已经在影院门外)

b) at表示小地点，in表示大地点

They arrived at the village at seven.

They arrived in Beijing at seven.

3. in, to和on在方位名词前的区别

in表示在某范围之内;to表示某范围之外的地方;on表示“毗邻、接壤”

Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.

Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.

Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.

4. 表示时间的in和after

用于将来时态时，in后面接“时段”;after后面接“时点”。试比较：

He will be back in five hours.

He will be back after five o’clock.

after后面也可接“时段”，但应该用在过去时态的句子中。

They came back after five days.

十、常见考法

一些常见介词如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;

一些介词短语如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.

十一、误区提醒

1. 一些介词的基本用法不清;2. 一些多义介词的用法弄混;3. 一些介词短语不会灵活运用。

【典型例题】

1.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

A.in B. at C. for D. to

解析: 错选D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意为“为了大家欣赏”，for在此处为一基本用法，但受to one’s joy的影响错选答案。正确答案为C。

2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

解析：错选C。next to 挨着，far from 远非，out of 出于，due to 因为，根据意思，有空的句子要表达“但还很不理想”。正确答案为B。