[钢水考试情况]

1.以说明文为主，逻辑严密，结构严格，层次分明，强调对篇章结构的整体理解，重点调查学生的逻辑思维能力。

2.字数300左右(正文字数200左右，选择字数100左右)。

3.题型以段落中为主，以段落头和段落尾为辅，以调查上下文逻辑关系为主，以调查段落主题句为辅。简要调查对段落末尾的结论的概括性短语。七种选项的含义都与文章内容有关，其中有不完整文的调查情况。

主题主要是社会生活和文化科技方面。选材具有生活性、新颖性、正能量、时代性强等特点。

[考点梳理]

分三个阶段猜“7线5”

第一步：首先段落开始，段落结束问题，缩小解决问题的范围

段落开头、段落结尾问题是主题文(总结文)，或者继承以下句子具有鲜明的语言特征，当题目简单、容易判断问题时，首先定位这些题目的选项不仅可以缩小思考范围，还可以进一步明确原文信息。

第二步：仔细研究剩下的选项，并使用句子之间的关系来决定。

在判定并重置段落的第一个、段落的结束问题后，原文信息更加清晰，再次阅读原文，整理其余段落的问题之间的关系，并相应地重置其余选项。

第三步：使用替换选项阅读原文，检查句子之间的关系。

把选定的答案代入文章，重点检查逻辑关系。看看有没有不符合文章逻辑的现象。

[如何解决问题]

线索特征语是阅读7线5题的重要依据，一般出现在三个方面。一个是词汇再现。这是作者通过在句子上下文不同的位置反复描述同一个概念，使同一个意思在句子中的不同地方重复。这是作家为了保证文章前后的连接性而经常使用的写作手段。再现的形式主要包括原文再现、同(近)义词再现、反义词再现等。第二，作为代词，英语中出现代词的频率很高。代词一般用来指前面提到的名词或句子，可以巧妙地利用这些关系，也可以根据代词的单复数差异准确、迅速地解答问题。三、逻辑关系词，英语的段落和段落之间、句子和句子之间经常使用连接词，表达连接词和转换，使句子逻辑更加清晰和结构性地连接在一起，因此在句子和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的信息词是选择答案时的重要线索。

一、段落标题

把空白空间放在段的最前面通常是主题句，有时也可能是乘胜长句(转换)句。如果空白空间在段落的最前面，就要展望未来，寻找提示。也就是说，你要读上一段的结尾部分，一般答对，结合这一段的内容，确认选定的答案能把两段的内容联系起来。

1.主题摘要文章

一段段落开头的空白问题通常有以下情况。一个是段落主题句。仔细阅读后文内容，根据段落连贯原则，找到同义词或其他相关单词，推断主题句。第二，与后文并列，转折点，因果关系等。重点阅读后文的第一句，锁定线索特征语，在选项中查找相关线索特征语。通常答案与前所未有的句子在意义上紧密相连，所以这些句子之间使用了某种连接手段。例如，如果选项中出现时间或年代，就要注意原文的时间或与年代的前后对应关系。

(2020全国卷)37 do not follow the people who make you feel not goodenough . why do you follow them？are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？Know that your life is your ownYou are the only you in this world。

F.stop comparing your self with others .

[回答] f

在“解决方案”下，“are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？Know that your life is your ownYou are the only you in this world。你知道，你的生活是你自己的。你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)“这一段主要涉及不要把自己和别人比较。因为人生是我们自己的。选项f(停止将自己与他人比较。)可以用作本段的中心句子，因此请选择f。

2.继承界河(转换)文章

段落的第一个空白问题有时会起到熟悉下一段内容并结合下一段内容的作用。做题的时候要联系上下文，掌握逻辑关系，分析选择的答案是否能延续两段内容。

(2021新高考卷)Parisian s are different from you and me。They never look lazy or untidy . as some one noted in this paper a couple of weep They eat great food and never gain weight . the food is so delicious that you

39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!

E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

【答案】E　

【解析】上一段讲了巴黎人吃得少是因为食物美味，本段谈到巴黎食物很贵(一把熟透的小草莓和一点甜瓜就18美元)，可以推断，这也是巴黎人吃得少的一个原因。E项(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因。)起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选E。

二、段中题

段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。做题时，首先要依据信息词将选项进行排除，然后将剩下的可能答案逐一代入，看哪个选项能和设空处的前后内容达到语意连贯及逻辑通顺，从而最终确定最佳选项，得出答案。以下为依据逻辑关系去解题的常用方法：

1.并列或递进关系

并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next/then, finally/last, first of all, for one thing, for another thing, some ... others ..., to begin with, to conclude等；常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, not only ... but also ...等。

(2021·全国甲卷)●Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.

● 18 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.

G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition

【答案】G　

【解析】下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的‘新’衣服带回家。)”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服)说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，G项中的“bring”和下文中的“carry”相呼应，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的“also”也是提示词，其中“They”指代G项的“everyone”。故选G。

2.转折或让步关系

转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有but, however, nevertheless, still, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison, by comparison等。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.

E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

【答案】E　

【解析】设空上一句的句意为：我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长大的，设空下一句表示答案是肯定的。设空处应是针对去户外呼吸新鲜空气是否真有好处的一个问句。由此可知，E项(但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗？)与前一句构成转折关系，逻辑合理。故选E。

3.因果关系

因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。常见的标志性词语有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result (of), so/such ... that ..., so that, result in/from, lead to, due to, thanks to, owing to等。

(2020·浙江高考)My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait (特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.

F．Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.

【答案】F　

【解析】根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项(于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣。)和前句构成因果关系，“我”正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始对制造东西产生兴趣。故选F。

4.例证关系

例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的标志性词语有for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words, that is (to say)等。

(2021·浙江高考)“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing，” Paulo says.

B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.

【答案】B　

【解析】根据上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语。)”可知，对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。根据下文“That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing(也就是说，我们知道很多交换明信片的人，包括中国人，他们通过交换明信片提高了英语水平)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。B项(这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难。)符合语境。故选B。

三、段尾题

段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。

1.总结概括句

做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；二要注意在选项中查找thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result, in a word, in short, to conclude, to sum up等表示结果、结论、总结的词语；三要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、并列、排比等关系。如果在文章第一段的段尾设空，要认真阅读看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章的第一段要提出主题，如果在段尾提出主题，常用一些信号词(如转折词)引出来，正确答案中应有这样的信号词。

(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Recognize all of your them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakne all of your accomplishments and ac have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39

C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.

【答案】C　

【解析】本段提出我们要认识到自己的优点。根据上文“List all of your accomplishments and achievements.(列出你所有的成就。)”可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。)承接上文。故选C。

2.承上启下(过渡)句

做题时如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，要认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。

(2021·浙江高考)Paulo Magalhaes, a 34­year­old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. 31

“I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. And that's totally fine.” Seeking other like­minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch (直觉) paid off.

G．In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand­written note from someone far away.

【答案】G　

【解析】根据上文“Paulo Magalhaes ... Or China's Great Wall.(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes(保罗·麦哲伦)喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城。)”可知，Paulo有喜欢明信片的个人爱好。G项(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋。)承接上文。故选G。

【题型剖析】

A

（2022·全国·高考真题）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___1___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___2___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___3___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___4___

You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___5___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.

D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?

F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。

1．C【解析】根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。

2．D【解析】根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。

3．B【解析】根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。

4．G【解析】根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。

5．F【解析】根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。

B

（2022·全国·高考真题）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.

___6___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___7___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.

The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___8___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.

The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___9___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___10___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.

A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.

B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.

C．The second draft of the essay should be better.

D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.

E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.

F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.

G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。

6．D【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。

7．B【解析】空前说“Stay loose and free.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。

8．E【解析】空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。

9．F【解析】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。

10．G【解析】空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。