what是疑问词,可以引导特殊疑问句,在句子中给出,创造标语或宾语。另外,可以用连接代词(或复合关系代词)来指导主语节、剽窃或目的语节。也可以用作疑问形容词,只能用作定语,表示感叹。这些一般用法小编不再赘述,目前what在高中英语中使用的一些超一般用法概括如下。
1.what=just as,用“完全相似,就像一样”作为连接词,指导比较状语从句。
惯用语如下:a is to b what c is to D. "a对b来说等于c和d "的意思。例如:
Air is to us What water is to fish。空气对我们来说像水对鱼。(介词to表示两者之间的关系)
也有句“A is for B what C is for D”。例如:
poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint。厨师不能离开家禽,就像画家不能离开画布一样。(介词for表示“供应.使用。)
(3) WHAT引导的从句也可以放在句子开头。该句是' What C is to D,that a is to b' (=a is to b what c is to D .)
在这个结构中,隐喻体在前面,主体在后面,“just as .so .”等同于结构,“a对b等于c和d。”意思是。例如:
What blood vessel is to a man's body,that so Railway is to transportation。(=just as blood vessel is to a man ' s body,so railway
铁路在运输上就像血管对人体一样。
2.what和do with一起意味着“(如何)处理、准备、应对等”。What说:“WHAT.do with STH。/SB。”经常有更灵活的翻译。或“what to do with sth ./sb "是:
What will you do with the letter?你打算怎么处理那封信?
the kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days。
孩子们不知道下雨天要做什么。
注:do with是deal with的同义词,但不同。do with只能用于what,deal with可以与其他疑问词一起使用。比较:
How will you deal with the letter?你怎么处理那封信?
you may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down
如果尝试倒立或只以躺着的姿势喝水,就能大致知道宇航员要应对什么。
3.问价格、测量、速度、人口、面积、门牌(汽车、电话等)号码等问题时,只能用what提问,不能用how much提问。例如:
what is the cost(price)of the gold watch?这块金表多少钱?
What is the speed of the car?车速是多少?
what is the length (width,depth) of the lake?这个湖有多长?
中国国家保险局(area)怎么样?中国的人口(面积)是多少?
What money(cash) have you got?你有多少钱(现金)?
What is your telephone (car、room)number?
电话(汽车、房间)号码是多少?
注:但是如果问价格的话,可以说
:How much is it?How much?
4.“what is.like?”两个意思。
指“情况怎么样”,主要指天气或气候。例如:
what is the weather like T。
oday?今天天气怎样?② What is the climate like there?那里的气候怎样?
⑵ 表示“像什么样,什么模样,怎样的” 指人或事物。例如:
③ What is the camel like ?骆驼是什么样子的?
④ — What is your teacher like?— She is very kind and beautiful.
“你老师是怎样一个人?”——“她既善良又美丽。”
⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未来的生活是什么样子呢?
注意:“What is…like?”通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问,包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提问。而“How is … like?”是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物,如暂时的情况,情绪等,还常用来问候别人的健康。如:
⑥ How is your work these days? 近来你的工作情况如何?
⑦ How is he? 他近况如何? (他身体近来怎么样?)
比较:What does she look like?她是什么模样?(What… look like?只能指外表 )
5.“What do you think of…?”用于询问对方对……的看法或评价。例如:
① What do you think of the idea?你认为这个主意怎样?
② What did you think of that film?你对那场电影评价如何?
注意:“ What do you think of…?”是惯用搭配,不能改为“How do you think of…?”。但我们可以说:How do you feel about the idea(that film)?或者How do you like the idea(that film)?
6.what 用作复合关系代词时,既可指代人又可指代物。例如:
① China is no longer what it used to be? 中国已不是过去的中国
② She is what you call a “bluestocking”。 她就是你说的“女才子”。
③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。
7. what从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如:
① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我们将使工厂比现在规模增加一倍。(句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语)
② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量(句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句;句末的what you weigh 是说明前面的动词weigh,系回答how much 的问题,作状语)
8.像how和why一样,what可以用作名词。例如:
① Please explain to us how and why,since you know what. 既然你想出一个好办法,请给我们解释清楚解决这个问题的方法和理由。
② By asking why,how and what if,curious minds find new ideas and solutions.
通过刨根问底,提出假设,富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意,找出了解决问题的新办法。(what if 可译为:假设)
9.与what连用的常用句型和词组
⑴ What if…?What will or would happen if…?如果(假如)…将会怎么样?例如:
① What if it is true?如果这是真的又怎么样?
② What if a storm should come up?万一发生暴风雨怎么办?
⑵ what with:because of ;as a result of;因为;由于……的结果;例如:
③ What with overwork and (what with)so little sleep,she fell ill.
一半由于工作过度的劳累,一半由于睡眠不足,她病倒了。
④ She has been depressed,what with losing her job and having to move.
她由于丢了工作还要搬家而感到沮丧。
⑶ and what not :and so on ;etc;以及各种其它东西;诸如此类;等等;例如:
⑤ I bought sugar,tea,eggs,and what not. 我买了食糖、茶叶、鸡蛋之类的东西。
⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必须倒装,意为“不管发生什么事”“不管怎样”
⑥ Come what will (may),I will always stand by you.
不管发生什么事,我将永远支持你。