Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish. There are so many English phrasal verbs, right?

大家好，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道。英语中的短语动词可太多了，对吧？

Hundreds and hundreds. Today I'm going to take you through the fifty most common phrasal verbs so that you can make sure you recognise them, you understand them and you can use them confidently in English conversations.

成百上千。今天我将带大家了解50个最常见的短语动词，帮助大家认识它们，理解它们，并能在英语会话中自信地使用它们。

We're going to take the very best of all of my phrasal verb lessons and bring them together right here in this one lesson for you. There's a fair bit to cover, so to help you I've made you a free workbook that you can use to practise and to remember what you learned during this lesson.

我们将把我所有的短语课程中最精华的部分汇集在这一课中为大家放送。这节课有很多的内容要讲，所以为了帮助大家，我给你们做了一本免费的工作手册，大家可以用它来练习，记住你在本课中所学到的内容。

Head down to the description, follow the link and the instructions to get the download and let's get into the lesson! Bring up.

看一下下方的描述，按照链接和说明进行下载，现在就让我们开始上课吧！培养，建立。

Now we use this phrasal verb in multiple ways but when we want to start discussing something, we use it. There's something I want to bring up.

我们会以很多种方式使用这个短语动词，但是当我们想开始讨论一些事情时，我们会使用它。我想说件事情。

So it's a really great way to introduce a new topic and it's usually about something that's serious or important. It's usually used when you're in a professional context or you want to talk about something seriously.

因此，这是介绍一个新主题的非常好的方法，通常是关于比较严肃或重要的事情。通常在专业背景下使用，或者是你想认真严肃地谈论一些事情的时候。

Let's bring this up at our next team meeting. To get across.

让我们在下一次团队会议上提出这个问题吧。使被理解，讲清楚。

Now this phrasal verb is often used with the verb try to show that you're attempting to communicate a message when you want someone to understand something. Here's a cool tip.

这个短语动词经常与动词 try 一起使用，表明你正在尝试传达信息，当你想让某人了解某事的时候。有一个很酷的提示。

There are several nouns that are often used with get across and so learning them together is going to help you to sound more natural and more accurate as you use this phrasal verb. So we use get across with facts, feelings, ideas, a message, meaning, a point or a point of view.

有几个名词经常与 get across 一起使用，一起学习它们会帮助你使用此短语动词时听起来更自然，更准确。因此，我们会使用 get across 事实、感觉、想法、信息、意思或者是观点。

All of these things are used with get across. Am I getting the message across clearly?

所有这些都和 get across 一起使用。我是否清楚地传达了信息？

I'm trying to get my point across but Paul keeps butting in. I'm going to get to that phrasal verb soon.

我尽我所能传达我的信息，但保罗一直很插话。我很快就要讲这个短语动词啦。

Have you ever jumped in on a conversation? This is a great phrasal verb for interrupting.

你有没有“突然跳进”一个对话？这是一个很棒的短语动词，用来表示打断别人。

It's very informal. Do you mind if I jump in here?

这是非常不正式的。你介意我打断一下对话吗？

I've got something to share. I want to say it. We don't literally mean jump in.

我有东西要分享。我想说。意思并不是跳进去。

Jump in is just an informal synonym of interrupt. Do you mind if I interrupt?

“Jump in”只是打断的非正式同义词。你介意我打断一下吗？

Do you mind if I jump in? They're the same thing.

你介意我打断一下吗？它们是同一个意思。

The phrasal verb is just more casual, more informal. Now butt in is also used for interrupting but very informal and perhaps a little rude when you're using that to describe what someone else did.

短语动词只是更随意，更非正式一点。插嘴也用于表示打断的意思，但非常不正式，当您用它来形容别人做了什么的时候，可能会有点粗鲁。

It suggests that that person who's doing the action, I didn't really care about the other people in the conversation or what they've been talking about. They just interrupted and it was quite rude.

它表明那个正在做那个行动的人，他们并不真正在乎在谈话中的其他人，或他们一直在谈论什么。他们只是打断了，这很不礼貌。

They butted in. And it's often —

他们插嘴了。而且通常是——

Hey did you do the thing I told you to do the other day? Because I need you to do it.

嘿，你做了我前几天告诉你要做的事情了吗。因为我需要你去做。

Anyway to butt in means to join a conversation or an activity without being asked to or invited to. I was speaking with Sue after she lost her job and then Jim butts in and starts talking about his new promotion.

无论如何，插嘴意味着参加对话或活动，但是在未被请求或邀请的情况下。在她失业之后，我在和苏谈话，吉姆突然插嘴了，开始谈论他刚刚升职了。

So it's quite a selfish action, right? Butt in.

所以这是个很自私的行为，对吗？突然插嘴。

To blurt out. This is quite a fun one.

脱口而出。脱口而出。

To blurt something out. To blurt out something means to say something without thinking about the effect it will have and it's usually because you're nervous or you're excited.

这是个很有趣的表达。脱口而出意味着在没有考虑某件事情会产生的影响的情况下，把某件事情说出来，通常是因为你很紧张或很兴奋。

Imagine that a friend told you that she was pregnant but she specifically said: "Don't mention it to anyone yet because I haven't told anyone else". But then later in the day you saw another friend, someone you hadn't seen in quite a while and you were giving them all the updates about life and work and then you say "Oh guess what? Melanie's pregnant!"

想象一个朋友告诉你她怀孕了，但她特意跟你说：“暂时不要向任何人说，因为我还没有告诉其他人。”但是当天晚些时候，你见到了另一个朋友，你已经好久没见到这个人了，你跟他们说自己生活和工作的新进展，然后你说：“你猜怎么了！梅兰妮怀孕了！”

It just slipped out of your mouth before you even thought about it. That is blurting it out and you'd have to call her up and you'd have to say "I'm so sorry, I'm so sorry. I just blurted it out. I didn't think."

它甚至在你开始思考之前，就从你的嘴里流出来了。那就是脱口而出，然后你就得打电话给她，你得说：“我很抱歉！对不起，我就是脱口而出！我根本就没思考。”

So this phrasal verb can be used in multiple ways, it's sometimes used when you're trying to call someone and they don't answer. I'm trying to get through but there's no answer.

因此，该短语动词可以有多种用法。有时用在当你尝试打电话给某人，而他们没有回应的时候。我试图搞清楚，但没有答案。

But it's also used when you're trying to make someone understand what you're trying to say. It's difficult to get the message through to my team because we all work remotely.

但是，当你尝试让某人理解你想说什么时，也会使用它。将信息传达给我的团队很困难，因为我们都是远程工作。

I'm trying to get the message through to Paul but he's not listening. To talk over.

我正试图将信息传达给保罗，但他没有在听。坦诚交谈，详细讨论。

This phrasal verb is used to discuss a problem or a plan and usually, it's when you're trying to find a solution or resolve it in some way. It's when you're a little stuck, you've got to talk about it some more so that you can come to a resolution or to make it clear and when you use it you'll always need to use an object as well, all right?

这个短语动词用于讨论问题或计划的时候，通常是在你试图找到解决方案的时候，或以某种方式解决它。你有点卡壳了，你知道必须要再说一遍，这样才能解决问题，或让问题更清楚一点，当你使用它时，需要有一个对象，对吧？

You'll need to talk over an issue, a plan, something, it or this, whatever, okay? It's something that has to be talked over.

你需要详细探讨一个问题，一个计划，某件事等等等等，都是可以的。这是必须要详细讨论的事情。

I know you're upset. Let's talk it over tonight when you get home.

我知道你很烦恼。今晚回家时，让我们聊一聊。

Sometimes you might even hear people using talk over in the context of speaking over the top of someone else. Usually as a way to interrupt they might say I don't mean to talk over you but we've already decided what to do.

有时你甚至可能听到有人在这样的语境中使用“talk over”，那就是打断别人说话的时候。通常作为打断的方式，他们可能会说：我并不是要打断你，但我们已经决定要做什么了。

So in this context it's always followed by a person followed by the person who's being interrupted. To talk around.

因此，在这种情况下，后面都是跟着一个人，被打断的那个人。说服。

So when you want to talk someone around, you want to convince them or you want to persuade them to agree with you right? So it kind of suggests that the person didn't agree with you to start with and you're trying to convince them that your idea is the right one, is the best one.

所以当你想要说服别人的时候，你想要使他们信服，或者是说服他们同意你的意见。所以这暗示着那个人一开始就不同意你的意见，而你正在尝试说服他们你的想法是正确的，是最好的。

I didn't want to go but he succeeded in talking me round. To shut down.

我不想走，但他成功地说服了我。关闭。

You might know this phrasal verb already because it has a common meaning to close something, usually permanently, like it might be a restaurant that gets shut down. But it is also informally used during conversations when you get rejected, especially if your hopes are up.

你可能已经知道这个短语动词了，因为它和“close”某物具有共同的含义，通常是永久地，比如说可能是一家餐馆被关闭了。但是在对话过程中，当你被拒绝的时候，尤其是希望满满却被拒绝的时候，我们会以非正式的方式使用它。

It was kind of awkward, she just shut him down mid-sentence. So she just stopped him in the middle of his sentence and told him that his idea was no good or that he's wrong.

有点尴尬，他还没说完，她就拒绝了他。所以她在他说话中途打断了他，并告诉他他的想法不好或者是他错了。

She interrupted in a rude way and shut his idea down. So it's definitely a negative thing to do or to experience yourself right?

她以非常不礼貌的方式打断了他，拒绝了他的想法。所以这样做或者是自己体验到这种情况绝对是一件消极事情，对不对？

My boss didn't like the suggestion. He shut me down straight away.

我的老板不喜欢这个建议。他立刻把我拒之门外。

Now it would be much better if your boss backed you up right? Which means to give support by telling other people that they agree with something that you said or something that you did.

如果你的老板支持你，那会更好，对吧？意思是通过告诉别人他们同意你所说的话或所做的事情来给予支持。

Thanks for backing me up during the meeting. When we think about or we talk about the past, then we can use look back on something, an event or a time or an experience in the past.

感谢你在会议期间为我提供支持。当我们思考或谈论过去的时候，我们可以使用回顾一些事情这个说法，过去的一个事件、一个时间点或者是一段经历。

I try to look back on the mistakes I made in the past and learn from them. We look after people, you know, we take care of them.

我试着回顾过去的错误，并从中汲取经验。我们照顾他人，我们会照顾他们。

I offered to look after my sister's kids on Thursday night. Who's going to look after your dog while you're away?

我愿意在星期四晚上照顾我姐姐的孩子。你不在的时候，谁来照顾你的狗？

To look down on someone is to have a low opinion of them or to think that you're better than them in some way. It's really common for people who value university education to look down on those who don't have a degree.

瞧不起某人的意思是看不上某个人，或者是觉得你在某个方面比他们好。对于重视大学教育的人来说，看不起那些没有学位的人是非常常见的。

Can you think of other times in your life or around you in your community where people look down on each other? See if you can write a sentence about that down below.

你能想到你人生中的其他时间或者是在你的社区中，大家互相看不上对方呢？看看你是否可以在下面造个句。

We look for things, right, you know when we lose something and we're trying to find it. Now of course, we always need to use a noun that follows this phrasal verb right to explain what it is we're looking for.

我们寻找东西，对吧？你知道的，当我们丢失东西的时候，我们会试图找到它。当然了，在这个短语动词之后，是需要一个名词的，来解释我们正在寻找什么东西。

I'm looking for my keys, I can't find them anywhere. Of course, we look forward to something happening, right?

我正在寻找我的钥匙。哪儿都找不到它们。当然了，我们会期待发生的事情，对吧？

We are waiting for something to happen and feeling really excited or really pleased about it. Lots of you know that I love the warm weather and I usually complain about our relatively mild winter here in Australia but as you can imagine we are just coming out of winter and heading into summer now and I am very excited about it.

我们正在等待某件事情发生，并且对此感到非常地激动或者是很开心。你们之中很多人都知道我喜欢温暖的天气，我经常抱怨澳大利亚相对比较温和的冬天，但正如你所想，我们刚结束冬天，进入夏天，我对此感到非常兴奋。

I'm looking forward to summer. We look around or we look round.

我很期待夏天。我们四处转转。

And that's when we visit a place and see what's there. Before I book the venue, I'd like to come and look around if that's okay, just to make sure that it's suitable.

那就是当我们参观一个地方，看看那里有什么东西的时候。在预定场地之前，我想来转转，看看怎么样，确保它很合适。

Look out, to look out. We use it as an exclamation to tell someone to be careful.

小心。我们用它作为感叹句，来告诉某个人要小心。

That's a really common use, we say: "Look out! You're about to knock the glass off the bench!" Look out.

那是非常常见的用途，我们会说：“当心！你要把玻璃杯从凳子上弄下来了。”小心。

We look out for people. Can you hear that?

我们留心别人。你听到了吗？

Look out. Look out for someone, it means to take care of them and make sure that they're okay.

留心。留心某个人，意思是照顾他们，确保他们的状态不错。

My nephews are always looking out for each other at school, it is so sweet. You might already know the phrasal verb look up.

我的侄子们在学校里一直互相帮助。太暖心了。你可能已经知道查找这个短语动词了。

Are you already thinking of a few different phrasal verbs that use look up? When we look something up usually we're trying to find out some information right or we use a dictionary or Google or Youtube to find the right answer or the truth, right?

你有没有想到一些使用 look up 的稍微不同的短语动词？当我们查找某些东西的时候，通常我们会尝试寻找一些信息，或者是使用字典、谷歌或 Youtube 来查找正确答案或事实，对吧？

If you don't know a word you look it up in the dictionary. Now look up is a separable phrasal verb and that means that we can insert the object into the phrasal verb or we can have it follow.

如果你不懂一个单词的话，那就去字典里面查查吧。查找是一个可分离的短语动词，也就是说我们可以在短语动词中插入对象，或者是放在后面。

So we can say look up the word or look the word up. Both of them are okay, it's possible.

所以我们可以说 look up the word 或者是 look the word up。这两个都是可以的。

Now if we keep thinking about look up, then I can say that I look up to someone, right? I respect them.

如果我们继续思考一下 look up 的用法的话，那么可以说我敬仰某人。我尊重他们。

I want to be like them. I really look up to my boss.

我想像他们一样。我真的很敬佩我的老板。

I guess you could say that she's my mentor. Now this phrasal verb is also inseparable, the object always follows the phrasal verb.

你可以说她就是我的导师。这个短语动词也是不可分的，宾语总是跟在短语动词之后。

Who do you look up to? Is there someone in your life that you respect and you admire?

你敬佩谁呢？在你的生活中，有你尊重并敬佩的人吗？

Write about it in the comments below. To look into something is to investigate it and this phrasal verb is quite useful to use in a professional context.

在下面的评论写写吧。“Look into”的意思是调查研究一下它，这个短语动词在职场中非常实用。

If a colleague says "We sent out the invitations last week but no one's responded. Do you think there's a problem with the website?"

如果同事说：上周我们发出了邀请函，但没有人回复。你觉得是不是网站出问题了？

That's odd. Maybe I'll look into it and report back after lunch. Another great phrasal verb to use in a work context is to look over something and this means to examine it but usually quickly, you know probably not going into a whole heap of detail.

好奇怪哦。我会调查一下，午饭后再汇报。在工作环境中使用的另一个很棒的短语动词是“look over”某件事情，意思是翻阅一下，但通常是很快的，可能不会涉及很多的细节。

I'll look over the report tonight and let you know if i want to add anything. We can look through something.

我今晚要翻阅一下报告，然后告诉你是否要添加什么内容。我们可以浏览一些东西。

Now of course we have the more literal meaning of look through, but like look over, it's also used when we examine something, especially to find the information that you need. I can spend hours looking through recipes getting inspiration for dinner each night.

当然了，我们有“look through”的更加字面的意思，但是就像“look over”一样，它也用在检查某件事情的情况下，尤其是寻找你需要的信息的时候。我每晚可以花几个小时浏览食谱，从中汲取晚餐的灵感。

Come down with. So when you come down with something, you are starting to show the signs of an illness.

患上。当你患上一种疾病的时候，你会开始显现出生病的迹象。

They both came down with a terrible cold. So it's the same as saying catch, you know, we say to catch a cold or catch an illness.

他们都得了非常严重的感冒。所以这和 catch 的意思是一样的，我们会说感冒或生病。

It has the same meaning. They came down with a cold.

意思是一样的。他们感冒了。

They caught a cold. Same thing.

他们感冒了。一样的东西。

Now usually come down with is used with non-serious illnesses, like a cold or the flu, a stomach bug or even just something when we're a little unsure. We might say I feel like I'm coming down with something.

Come down with 通常与不严重的疾病一起使用，例如感冒或流感、胃病，甚至是一些我们不太确定的东西。我们可能会说：我感觉我可能要生病了。

Now notice that come down with is transitive and inseparable, so that means that we always need an object to complete that thought or that action, right? We need that object, but it's also inseparable, which means that the object needs to go after the phrasal verb and not in between it.

请注意，come down with 是及物且不可分的，这意味着我们需要一个宾语来完成一个想法或动作，对吗？我们需要宾语，但它也是不可分的，这意味着宾语需要跟在短语动词之后，而不是在短语动词之间。

You can also fight off a cold, can't you? When you free yourself of that illness and your body overcomes that illness by fighting against it.

你也可以摆脱感冒，不是吗？当你摆脱疾病时，你的身体会通过与疾病作斗争来克服疾病。

She came down with a cold, but luckily she was able to fight it off quickly. She overcame the cold quickly.

她患上了感冒，但是很快她痊愈了。她很快就战胜了感冒。

So the fighting here in this phrasal verb is figurative not literally fighting a cold or punching that virus in the face. No, it's inside her body.

所以这个短语动词中的战斗是具有象征意义的，而不是从字面上来说，和感冒打架，给病毒的脸上来上一拳。不对，这是在她体内发生的。

Her immune system is working hard to fight off that virus you know, until she's feeling well again. So this phrasal verb is transitive.

她的免疫系统正在努力抵抗病毒，直到她再次感觉身体好了为止。所以这个短语动词是及物动词。

We need an object, but this time it is separable, so that means that our object can either go between the verb and the particle or it can go after the phrasal verb. She fought off the cold.

我们需要一个宾语，但它是可分的，这意味着我们的宾语既可以在动词和小品词之间，也可以在短语动词之后。她战胜了感冒。

She fought the cold off. She fought it off.

她战胜了感冒。她战胜了它。

There is one little tip here that I want to share about separable phrasal verbs, so when that object is a pronoun like in this sentence here, so we're not saying that cold or that illness. We're saying 'it'.

我想分享一个关于可分短语动词的小技巧，当宾语是代词时，就像这里的句子一样，我们说的不是感冒或那种疾病。我们说的是 it。

Then the object always goes between the verb and the particle. She fought it off.

宾语总是在动词和小品词之间的。她战胜了它。

Not she fought off it. Okay? That's something to keep in mind for separable phrasal verbs.

而不是：她战胜了它。好吗？关于可分短语动词要记住这一点。

People don't always overcome an illness, do they? They become more and more unwell until eventually they pass away.

人们并不总是能战胜疾病，对吗？他们的身体会变得越来越不好，直到最终逝世。

So this is a polite and respectful way of saying to die. Now it's just a little bit softer and more indirect to say that someone has passed away rather than saying he's dead or he died, which sometimes it can sound quite direct and maybe a little disrespectful as well.

这是一种表达死亡的比较礼貌尊敬的说法。说一个人已经去世了，而不是说他已经死了，听起来比较柔和，没那么直接，直接说死了的话有时听起来过于直接，也许也有些不尊敬。

When I talk about my dad, I don't say he died, I say he passed away. Notice that this time the verb is intransitive and inseparable so we don't actually need an object to express this idea, do we?

当我谈论我的父亲时，我没有说：他死了。我说的是：他过世了。请注意，这次动词是不及物动词和不可分的，所以我们不需要一个宾语来表达这个想法，对吧？

To pass away we know what that means, it's complete and because there's no object it also means that we can't separate the verb and the particle, right, so that's kind of obvious. Check out this phrasal verb here, to dip into.

逝世，我们知道这意味着什么，这就完整了，而且因为没有宾语，这也意味着我们无法将动词和小品词分开，对吗？所以这很明显。看看这个短语动词，dip into。

If you dip into something, you are spending some of your money but usually it's money that you are saving for a specific purpose. They have dipped into their savings to pay for their renovation.

如果你动用什么东西的话，你就是在花钱，但是一般来说，这些钱是你为某个特定的目的储蓄的。他们已经动用了积蓄来支付装修费用。

Now interestingly, the object of this phrasal verb always describes a sum of money so it's a specific noun It could be savings or a pension or a retirement fund for example.

有趣的是，这个短语动词的宾语描述的总是金钱的总和，因此它是一个特定的名词。例如，可以是储蓄，退休金或退休基金。

You get the idea, it's a specific type of noun that you would dip into. Now maybe you've heard this phrasal verb in a line from a really famous Beatles song.

你知道是什么意思了，这是你动用的一种特定的名词。你也许在一首非常著名的披头士乐队的歌曲中听到了这个短语动词。

With a little help from my friends, I get by with a little help from my friends. Get by means to manage to live or to do a particular task using just the money or the knowledge that you have at that time and nothing else.

《With a Little Help From My Friends》，我得到朋友的一点帮助。Get by 的意思是使用你当时拥有的金钱或知识设法生存或者是完成一项任务。

Even though Tim has been without work for six months they've been getting by. They don't have as much money as they usually do but they manage to live with what they have.

尽管蒂姆已经六个月没有工作了，但他们过得还不错。他们没有往常那么多的钱，但是他们设法用自己拥有的东西生存。

They don't need anything else to survive, they're getting by. But if you go without that means that you know you're living without the things that you need or you'd like to have.

他们不需要任何其他东西来生存。他们挺过去了。但是如果 go without that 的话，那么你就是在没有你需要的东西或想要拥有的东西的条件下生存。

If you think about the storms in Texas a couple of days ago, people have been going without power for five days or more. There was no power.

如果你想一下几天前德克萨斯州的暴风雨的话，人们已经断电五天多了。没有电。

They just had to find a way to live without that power. They went without power for five days.

他们需要找到一种没有电也可以生存的方式。他们停电了五天时间。

I'm sure you can think of a time when you went without something for a little while. Did you go without sugar?

我敢肯定，你可以想到一段没有某个东西的时间。你没有糖吗？

Did you go without a break? Did you go without...

你没有休息吗？你没有……吗？

Hey! I'm not going to finish that sentence for you. See if you can write your own sentence down in the comments below.

嘿，我不会替你完成这句话。看看你是否可以在下面的评论中写下自己的句子。

I'll be down to check them. Let's start with come up.

我会去检查一下。那么我们从 'come up' 开始。

Come up has a few different meanings. It can mean to be mentioned or talked about in a conversation.

'Come up' 有一些不同的含义。它的意思可以是在一次谈话中被提到或谈论。

If anything important comes up during the meeting, I'll tell you about it later. It can also mean to approach or to go towards someone, especially if they are on a higher level than you are.

那么…如果任何会议中提到了任何重要的事，我会稍后告诉你的。它的意思还可以是接近或朝某人走去，特别是在某人的位置比你高的时候。

Come up on stage and collect your award! Come up to my apartment.

走上台前领取你的奖励吧！来我的公寓吧。

It's on the fourth floor. Now if something like a job or an opportunity comes up, it becomes available.

在4楼。如果说某物比如说一份工作或一个机会出现了，意味着它是可获得的。

This new opportunity has come up and we need to take it. Now if a problem or an issue comes up, it happens and it needs to be dealt with immediately.

新的机会出现了，我们需要抓住它。那么如果一个问题或一个事件出现了，它发生了，并且需要立即应对。

Something's just come up, so I need to cancel my appointment. Come in.

某事刚好发生了，所以我需要取消我的预约。进来。

Well, you've probably heard this one and it means to enter a building or a room. The TV was so loud, he didn't notice me come in.

你可能之前听过这个短语，它的意思是进入一幢建筑物或一个房间。电视太吵了，他没注意到我进来了。

But it can also mean arrive. The train comes in at three o'clock.

但是它还有到达的意思。火车3点钟到达。

News is coming in that they found survivors in the crash. But it can also be used when talking about clothing or fashion.

消息传来了，他们在坠机中发现了幸存者！但是它可以在谈论衣服或时尚时使用。

These shirts come in three colours. If some information comes out, something that was previously unknown becomes known.

这些衬衫有三种颜色。如果一些信息出现了，就是说一些之前未知的东西现在变得已知了。

After ten years, the truth finally came out. Now it can also be a synonym for appear.

10年后，真相总算曝光了。它可以是 'appear' 的同义词。

There was a dead tree coming out of the water. And of course, after a big thunderstorm, the sun always comes out from behind the clouds.

水上浮起了一颗枯树。当然了，阳光总在风雨后。

We use this phrasal verb to say that the sun or the moon or the stars have appeared in the sky. If your favourite band is working on a new album, they'll probably tell you when it's going to come out.

我们用这个动词短语来说太阳，月亮或星星出现在天空中。如果你最喜欢的乐队正在准备新专辑，它们可能会告诉你专辑什么时候发行。

The new album will come out in June. My sister's new book comes out in December.

新专辑会在6月发行。我姐姐的新书在十二月出版。

It can also mean to go somewhere with someone for a social event. Do you want to come out with us on Friday night?

它的意思还可以是和某人为了一个社交活动去某个地方。你想要在周五晚上和我一起出来吗？

Come on. Come on is an expression that you'll hear all the time.

快点。'Come on' 是你们总能听到的一个表达。

It can mean hurry up. Come on we're going to be late!

它的意思可以是快点。快点，我们马上要迟到了！

Or you could use it to encourage or support someone. Come on you can do it.

或者你可以用它来激励或者支持某人。加油，你可以做到的！

It can also be used when you don't believe something that someone said. Come on! That's not true.

当你不相信某人说的话时也可以用这个短语。哦得了吧！这不是真的！

Come on can also mean to start working. The light in the bathroom just came on.

'Come on' 还可以表示开始工作。浴室的灯开始运转了。

The hot water isn't coming on. Are you sure it's working? It can also be used when you're referring to a sickness that is just starting to develop, usually with a common cold.

热水没有了。你确定它还在运转吗？但你如果是指病情开始发展时，通常是常见的感冒，你也可以用这个词。

I think I've got a cold coming on. To come down.

我想我马上要感冒了。接着 'come down'。

Now generally this phrasal verb is a synonym for reduce or fall. It's used when something moves in a downwards direction.

一般来讲，这个动词短语是减少或者下降的同义词。当某物向下方移动时，可以用这个短语。

There was a big storm last night and many of the trees came down. Come down here now.

昨晚有一场大风暴，很多树都倒了。下来。

You can use this when you're talking to someone who's higher than you, perhaps they're upstairs or in a tree. Come down here.

当你在谈论某个人的位置比你高时，可能他们在楼上或者在树上。下来。

Come down is also used when something reduces, so often the price, but what about to come down on? Now to come down on someone is a really negative thing, it means to punish someone because they didn't perform as expected.

'Come down' 还可以用于某物减少，下降，通常是价格，但是 'come down on' 是什么意思呢？Come down on someone 是一个非常负面的表达，它的意思是因某人表现得不符合预期而惩罚某人。

My boss came down on me really hard because I didn't finish the report in time. Come over.

我的老板狠狠批评了我，因为我没有按时完成报告。'Come over'

Again this phrasal verb has multiple meanings but the most commonly used one is used to describe movement, the movement from one place to another. Come over here.

再说一次，这个动词短语有很多种意思，但是最常见的用法是用于描述移动，从一个地方到另一个地方的移动。过来这里！

Why don't you come over to my house for dinner? To come back.

为什么你不来我家吃晚餐呢？接着是 'come back'。

Now most commonly this phrasal verb is used when somebody or something returns to a place or returns to an original state. I'll come back in half an hour and get you.

这个短语最常用于某人或某物回到某个地方，或恢复到原来的状态。我会在半个小时后回来接你。

I thought I got rid of my cold but I think it's coming back. To brush up on.

我本以为我克服了感冒，但我想它又要复发了。刷新。

This is a phrasal verb, but one that's idiomatic and it means to update or to improve your skills in some way. It can be used in any context really, formal or informal but this expression is so useful in a professional context, because sometimes it can be a little awkward or embarrassing to say that you don't have fantastic skills in one area, right?

这是一个短语动词，但也是一个习语，意思是以某种方式更新或提高你的技能。它可以在任何情况下使用，不管是正式的还是非正式的情形，但这种表达方式在职业场合非常有用，可以用来说你在某一领域没有出色的技能，所以可能会有点尴尬或难堪，对吗？

But by saying that you need to brush up on those skills is a much softer way of saying that you're not that good at something, but you are willing to practise or study to improve those skills. I'm brushing up on my Italian because I've got a business trip in July.

但说你需要补上这些技能是一种更加柔和的说法，即你在某方面不是那么擅长，但你愿意通过练习或学习来提高这些技能。我正在温习我的意大利语，因为我在7月要出差。

I got the job at the publishing company but I really need to brush up on my editing skills. I'm out of practice.

我得到了出版公司的工作，但我需要温习我的编辑技能。我很久没锻炼了。

To turn down. Again, this is another common phrasal verb but it's also idiomatic.

拒绝。同样地，这是另一个很常见的短语动词，但也是一个习语。

It means to say no to something or refuse something. They offered me tickets to the conference but I had to turn them down because it's my son's birthday.

意思是拒绝某事。他们给我提供了会议的门票，但我不得不拒绝，因为这一天是我儿子的生日。

As you probably know phrasal verbs are made up of a verb with a particle, maybe even two. All the phrasal verbs in this lesson include the particle up and by focusing on up, we get to study the meaning and understand how the verb is influenced by the particle and we're going to split the phrasal verbs from this lesson into five different categories.

你可能知道，短语动词由助词和动词组成，甚至可能有两个助词。本节课中的所有短语动词都包含助词 up，通过聚焦于 up，我们可以学习其意义并了解动词如何受助词影响，我们要将本节课中的短语动词分成五个不同的类别。

Ones that generally mean to move up, to increase or improve, to create, to fix and to complete. So we're going to start with phrasal verbs that have a general meaning to move up.

也就是通常意味着向上移动、增加，改进以创造、修复和完成五个类别。我们将从具有一般含义的短语动词开始，向上移动。

So the word up means to take something from a low position to a high position, doesn't it? So if I pick up my mug and I move it higher, I move it up then I'm taking it from a low position to a high position.

所以 up 这个词的意思是把东西从低的位置弄到高的位置，对吧？如果我拿起我的杯子，把它抬高，我就是把它从低位拿到了高位。

So there are a few phrasal verbs that fall into this same category, right, and they use up. So of course, we have pick up. Pick up.

有一些短语动词属于同一类别，对吗？它们会使用 up 这个词。当然了，我们有拿起。

So that means to lift or to move something or someone, right? We can pick up our mug, we can pick up our child.

所以这意味着抬起或移动某物或某人，对吗？我们可以拿起我们的杯子，我们可以抱起我们的孩子。

We can also get up and get up can mean to rise after sleeping or sitting down for a period of time. You might say: "I have to get up and go to my meeting."

我们也可以起床，而 get up 可能意味着在睡觉或坐下一段时间后起来。你可能会说：我必须起床去参加我的会议了。

We also fill up things, so when we fill up something we put something inside it all the way to the top until it's full. So we can fill up our glass with water.

我们也填东西。所以当我们填满某个东西时，我们会一直往里面放东西，直到它装满为止。我们可以把我们的杯子装满水。

So you'll notice that in all of these phrasal verbs we're taking something from a low position and moving it to a high position. The next box is to increase or improve in some way.

你可能注意到了，在所有这些短语动词中，我们都将某些东西从较低的位置移到较高的位置。下一个类别是以某种方式增加或改进。

And so these words really mean to make something greater or better or bigger, which is similar to moving something upwards but not quite. Let's think about some of the phrasal verbs with up that help to express this same idea.

所以这些词的真正意思是使某物变得更棒、更好或更大，这类似于向上移动某物，但不完全是。让我们想一些可以表达这种想法的带 up 的短语动词。

We climb up or maybe we go up a set of stairs and that's to increase the height that you're at and to reach a higher level of a building. I climbed up the stairs to get to the balcony and watch the sunset.

我们爬上去，或者也许我们会爬楼梯，这是为了增加你所处的高度到达建筑物的更高层。我爬上楼梯到阳台看日落。

We also use go up to talk about an increase in value or an increase in number as well. You can also back up.

我们也使用 go up 来谈论价值的增加或数量的增加。你也可以支持。

This is a great phrasal verb. It means to provide extra support or increase the support that you need.

这是一个很棒的短语动词，它的意思是提供额外的支持或增加你需要的支持。

She backed up her stories with photographic evidence. You know we might even say that someone backed you up, they provided support.

她用照片证据支撑她的故事。我们甚至可能会说有人支持你，他们提供支持。

They argued on your side. They were supportive of you so they backed you up.

他们站在你这边。他们支持你，所以他们 back you up。

We say grow up and that means to increase in size or maturity. We say our kids grow up too quickly.

我们说增长，意思增加规模或成熟度。我们说我们的孩子长得太快了。

Cheer up. We use it when we want to improve our mood, right?

开心点。当我们想改善心情时，我们会使用它，对吗？

To cheer up. Cheer up. The weather's going to be better tomorrow.

开心点。开心点，明天天气会更好。

We also dress up, which means we increase the quality of our clothes, maybe we make ourselves look better, look nicer. All the phrasal verbs in this box relate to create.

我们也会精心打扮，这意味着我们提高了衣服的质量，也许我们让自己看起来更好看更精致。框框里的所有短语动词都与创造有关。

You know I love to cook, right, so the phrasal verb to cook up is a really great one to use when you want to make something, some food for someone else. To cook up some dinner, to cook up a steak, for example.

你知道我喜欢做饭，对吧？所以当你想做一些东西，给别人做一些食物时，短语动词 to cook up 非常合适。比如说做一些晚餐，做一块牛排。

It can also mean to get an idea ready. An exciting, interesting idea.

它也意味着准备好一个想法。一个令人兴奋的、有趣的想法。

I'm cooking up a plan to do something interesting, maybe a surprise party. Now whip up is a little similar to cook up, it means to cook something but to do it really quickly.

我正在制定一个计划，做一些有趣的事情，也许是一个惊喜派对。Whip up 的意思有点类似于 cook up，意思是做一些东西，但要做得很快。

You know I'm just gonna whip up a sandwich during my break, right? We wouldn't whip up an entire roast dinner, but we can whip up something quickly.

我会在休息时要做一个三明治。对吧？我们不会做一顿完整的烤肉晚餐，但我们可以快速地做点儿什么东西。

How about to dream up? To think of a new idea or to imagine something new, to be creative with your thoughts.

那想象呢？思考一个新的想法或想象一些新的东西，让你的想法充满创意。

I dreamt up an entire new plan for the party. We also set up and we use set up when we organise or we plan something like an event or maybe even a system.

我为派对想出了一个全新的计划。当我们组织或计划诸如某个活动，甚至某个系统之类的事情时，我们会使用 set up。

I set up my studio every time I need to film a lesson for you. Make up is a good one as well.

每次我需要为你们拍摄课程时，我都会整理自己的工作室。Make up 也是一个不错的选择。

Make up can refer to inventing or creating a lie or a fake story. She would often make up stories to make her life seem more interesting.

Make up 可以指编造谎言或假故事。她经常编造故事，让她的生活看起来更有趣。

Make up, cool, huh? Not to be confused with the noun makeup, but the phrasal verb make up is to creatively think up a story or an idea.

编造。很酷吧？不要与名词“化妆”混淆，短语动词 make up 是创造性地思考一个故事或一个想法。

We can also use come up with when we're creating something, a new idea or a solution because come up with means to suggest or to think of a new idea. You know Elon Musk?

我们也可以在创造某物，比如说新想法或解决方案时使用 come up with，因为 come up with 的意思是建议或想到新想法。你知道埃隆马斯克吗？

Great example. He comes up with grand plans to save humanity like electric cars and flying to Mars.

很好的例子。他提出了拯救人类的伟大计划，例如电动汽车和飞往火星。

So can you see how all of those phrasal verbs have something to do with, they're connected to the idea of creating or making something and that's why they're grouped together. But there are many more of them as well, but that's why paying attention to the particle and the meaning that the particle offers the verb can help you to learn and to practise and to remember and even to guess the meaning of new phrasal verbs.

所以你能看到所有这些短语动词是与创造或制造事物的想法有关的，这就是为什么它们被组合在一起的原因。但其实还有更多，但这就是为什么要注意助词以及助词提供动词的意义可以帮助你学习，帮助你记住甚至猜测新短语动词的含义的原因。

So in the next box is fix or get better so to fix something or to repair it, to make it whole again. Let's go back to make up because if you make up with someone you're repairing your relationship after you've had an argument.

所以下一个框中是修复或变得更好，使其再次完整的意思。让我们回到 make up 这个短语，因为如果你和某人在吵架后和好的话，你就是在修复你们的关系。

Sarah and John had another argument but they always make up. And again that's not to be confused with our other meaning, right?

莎拉和约翰又吵架了，但他们总是会和好。同样地，不要把它与我们的名词或其他短语动词含义的其他含义混淆。

Our noun or our other phrasal verb meaning to make up. Heal up is another one.

是名词和短语动词 to make up。另一个是治愈。

Heal up is when an injury gets better. His broken leg healed up really quickly.

痊愈是当伤势好转时的情况。他的断腿很快就痊愈了。

So it fixed itself, it got better. To sober up means to become less drunk or intoxicated.

所以它自我修复了，变得更好。清醒，意思是没那么醉了。

Coffee and breakfast will help you to sober up after a long, crazy night out on the town. Patch up is a great one, a little informal but a lovely phrasal verb.

咖啡和早餐可以帮助你在城里度过一个漫长而疯狂的夜晚后清醒过来。修补这个短语很棒，有点不正式，但是是一个很实用的短语动词。

It means to fix or to make something whole again. I'm gonna patch up the hole in my jumper so that I can use it again, I can wear it again.

它的意思是修复或使某物再次完整。我要补上我的毛衣上的破洞，这样我就可以再穿了。

I'm gonna fix it. I'll patch it up.

我会补好的。我会补好的。

Inside the last box, we have phrasal verbs that mean to complete, to completely finish something. We finish up something.

在最后一个框中，我们的短语动词意思是完成，完全完成某事。我们完成了某件事情。

We complete it. Please finish up the design by Friday.

我们完成了它。请在星期五之前完成设计。

Another phrasal verb with a very similar meaning is wrap up. It's almost time to wrap up this lesson, to finish up, to wrap up.

另一个具有相似含义的短语动词是 wrap up。差不多该结束这节课了。

And we can say drink up. Drink up or eat up, that means finish your food or your drink.

我们可以说喝完。喝完或吃完，这意味着吃完你的食物或喝完饮料。

Finish it, we're gonna be late. Drink up! We're gonna be late.

快点弄完，我们要迟到了。快点喝完！我们要迟到了。