diagnose [ˈdaiəɡnəuz] v. ①诊断(疾病)

②判断(问题)③分析

diagnosis [ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis] n. ①诊断

②调查分析

diagram [ˈdaiəɡræm] n. 图表;图解

dial [ˈdai(ə)l] n. ①刻度盘;钟面;拨号盘②(收音机的)调谐度盘v. 拨电话

dialect [ˈdaiəlekt] n. 方言,土语

dialog(ue) [ˈdaiəlɔɡ] n. 对话,对白

diameter [daiˈæmitə(r)] n. 直径

diamond [ˈdaiəmənd] n. ①钻石,金刚石;菱形②钻石饰物③(纸牌的)红方块

【习惯用语】①a rough diamond [a diamond in the rough] 天然金刚石;言行粗暴而心地善良的人;[美俚]初露光芒的设想②Irish diamond 水晶③diamond cut diamond 以强制强;棋逢对手

diary [ˈdaiəri] n. 日记;日记本

dictate [ˈdikteit] v. ①口述,使听写

②命令

③要求

The director______the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand.

A. dictated

B. granted

C. authorized

D. drafted

【答案】A. dictate vt. 口授,口述,自己说让别人写下来(如The teacher dictated a passage to the class.)。grant vt. 授予,同意,准予(如The government granted them permission to leave the country/will grant land to anyone willing to farm it. He requested that the Premier grant him an interview.)。authorize vt. 授权,批准(to authorize sb to+动词原形;authorize the+(源自及物动词的同根)名词,如authorize the construction of a new railway)。draft vt. 起草,草拟。

dictation [dikˈteiʃ(ə)n] n. 听写,口授笔录

dictator [dikˈteitə(r)] n. ①独裁者

②口述者

dictionary [ˈdikʃənəri;(US)ˈdikʃəneri] n. ①词典,字典②双语词典;双语字典a German-English dictionary 德英词典③专业字典;专业词典

【习惯用语】①consult a dictionary 查字典②have swallowed the [a] dictionary[口]爱使用深奥的字眼

He began his diet a week ago. 他在一星期前开始节食。

People who are on a diet mustn't have chocolate. 正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。

【词义辨析】differ, dissent和vary

differ:意为“(意见)不同、相异”,着重表示种类、性质、意见上的差异,但本身不能表明分歧的范围或程度。agree to differ保留不同意见。dissent:意为“持有异议,不同意”,表示人与人之间或团体之间意见出现分歧,甚至对立,也可指反对或拒绝所建议或提供的东西。vary:意为“变化,不同”,侧重于表示显而易见的差异,也可表示差别的范围。常用在论述中,说明所讨论的事物或人在论点、方法或程度上的不同。

differentiate [ˌdifəˈrenʃieit] vi. (between)区分,区别vt. ①区分,区别②使不同,使有差异

diffuse [diˈfjuːs] a. ①渗出,扩散

digest [ˈdidʒest,ˈdaidʒest] vt. 消化(食物);领会

n. 摘要,文摘

Do not give the baby meat to eat, because he cannot______it.

A. absorb

B. swallow

C. digest

D. draw

【答案】C. digest vt. 消化;吸收(知识)(如We digest our food. He read rapidly but did not digest anything.)。absorb vt. 吸收;吸引……的注意,使全神贯注于。swallow vt. 吞,咽(食物)。draw vt. 拖,拉;拔出,取出。

dignity [ˈdiɡniti] n. 威严,尊严

dilute [daiˈljuːt] v./a. 冲淡(的),稀释(的),变弱(的)(weaken, reduce, thin, cut, water down)

dim [dim] a. ①微暗的②模糊不清的v. (使)变暗淡

In the______light I could see the outlines of the beacon towers.

A. vague

B. dim

C. indistinct

D. ambiguous

【答案】B. dim a. (光线)昏暗的;(印象、形象、视觉等)朦胧的,模糊不清的(in the dim light; a dim shape/outline/sound/suspicion; dim sight/memories)。vague a.(印象、形象、思想、感觉、话语等)含糊的,不明确的,模糊的。indistinct a. (声音、形象、记忆等)不清楚的,模糊的。ambiguous a. 含糊不清的,不明确的;引起歧义的,模棱两可的。

dimension [diˈmenʃ(ə)n] n. ①尺寸,长(宽、厚、高)度

②维(数)③(pl.)容积,面积,大小

The______of this difficulty have only recently been recognized.

A. extents

B. magnitudes

C. dimensions

D. severities

【答案】C. dimension n. 尺寸,长,宽,高,厚,深;(pl.)大小,程度(如What are the dimensions of the room? No one realized the dimensions of his problem.)。extent n. 长度,宽度,广度;范围,程度。magnitude n. 巨大,重要;量值,强度。severity n. (或用复数)严厉,严酷,严峻。

diminish [diˈminiʃ] a. 减少,缩小

v. 节制,限制

Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. 此外,人与人之间的差别以及自然选择利用这种来发挥作用的机会都已经大大减少了。

dine [dain] vi. ①吃饭,进餐②宴请

In China, a traditional big square table usually dines eight persons. 在中国一张传统的八仙桌通常可容8人就餐。

【习惯用语】①dine and wine sb 款待某人吃喝;设宴招待②dine forth带食物在外用餐③dine in在家吃饭

dinner [ˈdinə(r)] n. 正餐;晚宴

①After dinner, mustard.[谚]饭后上芥末;雨后送伞。②basket dinner [lunch, picnic] 用篮子装的野餐③boiled dinner[美]青菜烧肉

dip [dip] vt. 浸,泡

vi. ①浸②沉落③浏览

I haven't read that book properly I've only______into it.

A. glanced

B. peeped

C. looked

D. dipped

【答案】D. dip into浏览,随便翻阅(没有认真研读),稍加研究(如I've been dipping into ancient history. Some books are intended to be read at length, others to be dipped into.)。glance (at) vi. 看一眼,扫视。peep (at/through) vi. 偷偷地看;窥视。look into调查,了解;观察,研究。

diploma [diˈpləumə] n. ①毕业证书,学位证书②执照

diplomat [ˈdipləmæt] n. ①外交官

②善交际者

diplomatic [ˌdipləˈmætik] a. ①外交的

②有手段的,有策略的

③机智的

dire [ˈdaiə(r)] a. 可怕的

direct [diˈrekt,daiˈrekt] a. ①径直的,直接的

②直达的;直接到的

③率直的;耿直的;坦率的;直截了当的

v. 指向;指导,管理

①direct at [against]把……对准②direct to [towards] 把(注意力、精力)贯注在……上;指引方向,把……的方向[地点]指给(某人);把……指向[针对];写收件人姓名和地址,把……寄给(某人)

direction [diˈrekʃ(ə)n,daiˈrekʃ(ə)n] n. 方向,指导,趋势,(常pl.)指示,用法,说明(书),收件人地址

directly [diˈrektli] ad. 直接地,立即

director [diˈrektə(r)] n. 主任,主管,导演,(机关)首长,(团体)理事,(公司)董事,指挥仪,控制器

directory [diˈrektəri] n. 姓名地址录,目录

dirt [dəːt] n. ①尘,土;污物

②下流话;黄色刊物;色情文章;诽谤;风凉话;不义之财

dirty [ˈdəːti] a. 肮脏的;下流的

①do the dirty on sb用卑劣的手段对待某人②give sb a dirty look 瞪某人一眼

disappoint [ˌdisəˈpɔint] vt. ①使失望,使扫兴

②使希望落空;使计划受挫

【试题精练】I promised to buy my son a new bicycle but I had to______him.

A. displease

B. dissatisfy

C. disappoint

D. disgust

【答案】C. disappoint vt. 使失望。displease vt. 使不高兴。dissatisfy vt. 使不满足。disgust vt. 使厌恶。

disappointment [ˌdisəˈpointmənt] n. 失望

【习惯用语】to one's disappointment令某人失望的是

disaster [diˈzɑːstə(r);(US)dizˈæstə] n. 灾难;天灾

①court [invite] disaster惹祸②walk with disaster与灾祸打交道,招致灾难

The fire was the worst______ever to hit the town.

A. event

B. incident

C. hazard

D. disaster

【答案】D. disaster n. (自然的)灾难,大祸。event n. 事件,大事;(体育)比赛项目。incident n. 事件,事变;发生的事。hazard n. 公害;危险。

disastrous [diˈzɑːstrəus] a. ①灾难性的,造成灾害的②极坏的,很糟的

disc [disk] n. ①圆盘,唱片,磁盘

②[解]椎间盘

discard [diˈskɑːd] vt. ①放弃,抛弃

②解雇

discern [diˈsəːn]v. ①辨别,识别

②认出,发现,认识

discharge [ˈdistʃɑːdʒ] vt. 放出;排出;发射

The factory______its waste into the river.

A. discharges

B. flows

C. disposes

D. disperses

【答案】A. discharge vt. 排出,放出;允许离开,释放(如The chimney discharges smoke. Some towns discharge rubbish into the sea. They discharged him from prison. The servant was discharged for being dishonest.)。flow vi. 流,流动。dispose (of)v. 安排,处理;丢掉,销毁。disperse v. (使)分散,(使)消散;散开;驱散。

discipline [ˈdisiplin] n. 纪律;训练;学科

Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

【试题精练】You ought to______that rude boy for his bad behavior.

A. educate

B. discipline

C. control

D. teach

【答案】B. discipline vt. 处分,惩罚;训练,训导(如He disciplined his students by keeping them after school. He disciplined the new soldiers.)。educate vt. 教育,培养,训练。control vt. 控制,支配;克制,抑制。teach vt. 教,教授,教导。

disclose [disˈkləuz] v. 揭示,泄露

disco=discotheque [ˈdiskəu] n. 迪斯科舞厅

discount [ˈdiskaunt] n. 折扣

discourage [disˈkʌridʒ] vt. ①使失去勇气,使泄气

②试图阻止;阻拦;劝阻

The school teachers discourage smoking.学校老师不赞成吸烟。

【习惯用语】discourage from阻止[妨碍,不鼓励]做……,使失信心

High interest rates______people from borrowing money from the bank.

A. discourage

B. dissuade

C. distract

D. disturb

【答案】A. discourage (from) vt. 使泄气,使灰心,使却步,使不敢做(句型:discourage sb;discourage sb from sth/from+动词ing形式)。dissuade(from+动词ing形式)vt. 劝止,说服使不做。distract (from) vt. 转移(注意力),分散(思想),使分心。disturb vt. 弄乱;扰乱;打扰,使不安。

discourse [ˈdiskɔːs] n. ①讲话,演说,论述②对话

discreet [diˈskriːt] a. 谨慎的,慎重的,审慎的

discrepancy [diˈskrepənsi] n. 不符合(之处),不一致(之处)

discriminate [diˈskrimineit] v. ①区别,辨别,区分

②有差别地对待,歧视

discuss [disˈkʌs] vt. 讨论,商讨

【长难例句】In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning."在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中,夏皮罗提出,专家组已经达成广泛共识,那就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

discussion [disˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论,商讨

【习惯用语】①beyond discussion无讨论余地②come up for discussion提出讨论③under discussion在讨论中

disease [diˈziːz] n. 疾病

①be cured of a disease治好病②catch [suffer from, take] a disease患病③Desperate diseases must have desperate cures [remedies]. [谚]猛药起沉疴;在非常情况下必须采取非常手段。

【词义辨析】disease, illness和sickness

disease:意为“病,疾病”,通常用于指具体的“疾病”,如传播染病、精神病、(植物)病害,也广泛地指急性、慢性、轻、重、长期的或短期的疾病等。illness:意为“病”,是一个通俗词,可与sickness通用,但稍正式。现在很少指具体的疾病,通常只表示抽象的疾病或生病状态,从体弱多病到精神疾病等。sickness:同样意为“病”,最不正式,除特指呕吐外,常与illness通用,这时带有一定的感情色彩,暗示更严重,更急。

disgrace [disˈɡreis] n. ①失宠,丢脸

②丢脸的人(事)

③玷辱

disguise [disˈɡaiz] n./v. 伪装,隐瞒

in disguise乔扮的;伪装的;掩盖着His illness became a blessing in disguise, when he married his nurse.他可说是因病得福,他后来娶了他的护士。

disgust [disˈɡʌst] v./vt. (使)厌恶

dismay [disˈmei] n. ①灰心②惊愕

vt. ①使沮丧

②使惊愕

dismiss [disˈmis] vt. ①免职,解雇;解散;不考虑

②不理会;自心中摒除;不考虑

A good few people dismiss the idea as sheer nonsense.不少人认为这种想法是胡说八道。

③[法]驳回;对……不受理

to dismiss his appeal驳回他的上诉

The case against Robert Jones was______for lack of evidence.

A. refused

B. dismissed

C. eliminated

D. discarded

【答案】B. dismiss vt. (因认为不重要或证据不足而)不再考虑,(法官)停审;打消(想法),不谈论;免……的职,解雇,开除;解散,遣散(如He dismissed the story as mere rumour. He dismissed the idea as unimportant. He dismissed the matter from his mind. Papa dismissed the suggestion with a shake of his head. dismiss sb from his job; The teacher dismissed the class.)。refuse vt. 拒绝。eliminate vt. 消灭,消除,排除(eliminate poverty; eliminate error from the tapescript; eliminate most of the runners in the heats)。 discard vt. 丢弃,抛弃(无用的东西)。

disorder [disˈɔːdə(r)] n. 混乱;骚乱;小病,失调

【习惯用语】①in disorder混乱,紊乱②fall into disorder陷入混乱③throw… into disorder 使……混乱,把……卷入动乱

disperse [diˈspəːs] vt. 使分散,解散,驱散,消散,散开

【词义辨析】scatter, disperse和spread

这组词都有“分散,散布”之意。scatter:意为“散布,散开”,可指运用武力、暴力或其他力量使人或物杂乱地朝各方向散开;也可指用武力使人或物杂乱地朝各方向散开;也可指投掷、抛洒、使物体散开、四处坠落,也可用于抽象事物。disperse:意为“驱散,散开”,与scatter相比,表示使人或物分散得更广、更为彻底,以至于群体或整体完全分开。spread:意为“展开,伸开,传播”,普通用词,意思是指让某些具体形中抽象的东西(知识、疾病、谣言等)散开、传开,也指人或事物的舒展。

displace [disˈpleis] vt. ①使错位②转移

③取代

display [diˈsplei] vt. 陈列,展览,显示

n. 陈列,展览,显示

显示,显示器

disposal [diˈspəuz(ə)l] n. 处理,处置,布置,安排,配置,支配

dispose [dispəuz] v. 处理,处置,部署

vt. 布置,安排,除去,使愿意

dispute [disˈpjuːt] v. ①争论,辩论

②抵抗;阻止

to dispute a landing by the enemy抵抗敌人的登陆

n. 争论,辩驳;争端

【习惯用语】①in dispute with与……争论;与……有争议②under dispute在争论中;在辩论中(=in dispute)

【长难例句】Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.几乎没有人会反对这个称号(反科学)用于仇视现代工业文明的恐怖主义者(发表于1995年的宣言),表达了对科学的嘲弄和对回归前技术时代乌托邦社会的向往。

【试题精练】There were many religious______in England during the 17th century.

A. arguments

B. discussions

C. disputes

D. differences

【答案】C. dispute (over/about) n. (对重大政治问题等的)争论,争端,争吵(a dispute over/about capital punishment;be in/under dispute在争议中的;in dispute with与……有争议;be beyond/past [all] dispute无可争议,不容争议)。argument n. 争论,争辩;理由,论据(争论的目的在于说服对方接受自己的观点)。discussion (of/about)n. 讨论。difference n. 不同;差异;分歧。

disregard [ˌdisriˈɡɑːd] n. 漠视,不顾 vt. ①不理,不顾②忽视,忽略,忘却

disrupt [disˈrʌpt] vt. 使混乱,使崩溃,使分裂,使瓦解

【同】be mixed up, blow up, break up, collapse, confuse, crash, crumple, divide, disintegrate, disorganize, fall apart, go to pieces, split, overthrow

dissipate [ˈdisipeit] vi. 消散,消失 vt. ①使消散,使消失②浪费,挥霍

dissolve [diˈzɔlv] v. ①溶解,(使)融化;解散

②衰减;衰退;消失

His strength dissolved.他的体力减退。

③(常与into连用)不能自已;失控;被感动to dissolve in tears感动得不禁流泪

【习惯用语】①dissolve away溶解掉②dissolve in溶解入③dissolve into溶解[消失]到……中,溶(解,化)成

distance [ˈdistəns] n. 距离;远处

①at a distance相距,相隔②go the distance赛到底③keep one's distance保持一定距离

【长难例句】They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.像人一样,电脑也按“代”来划分,而且代与代之间的间距越来越小。

distant [ˈdist(ə)nt] a. ①远离的,久远的

②来自远方的,向远方去的

a distant journey遥远的路程

③疏远的,关系不近的

distant relations远亲

【习惯用语】be distant towards sb对某人冷淡

distill [disˈtil] vt. ①蒸馏,用蒸馏法提取②吸取,提炼

distillation [ˌdistiˈleiʃ(ə)n] n. 蒸馏,蒸馏法

distinct [disˈtiŋkt] a. 不同的;清楚的,明显的

①(as) distinct from与……不同(的)②be distinct in… from… 在某方面与……不同

【派】distinction, distinctive(ly)

【词义辨析】apparent, distinct, evident和obvious这一组词均有“明显”之意。apparent:意为“显然的,表面的”,指经过一定推敲从证据中得出的结论,着重指经过某种推理过程,如归纳、演绎等而领悟到的事物,常作表语;作定语时,常译为“表面的”。distinct:意为“清晰的,明显的”,指轮廓或界线清晰可见,不需仔细辨别,也指不需注意听就可听清、理解的,另外,还可指不需太多努力就能领会的抽象事物。evident:意为“明显的,显然的”,指肉眼可见的所有迹象都能导出的结论,也可指感觉不到但可从外部迹象推断出的事物。obvious:意为“显而易见的”,指易于发现或说明,常指显而易见或掩蔽得并不成功的事物。

【试题精练】There was a______drop in support for the Union in the 1974 election.

A. delicate

B. downward

C. distant

D. distinct

【答案】D. distinct (from) a. 清楚的,明显的;不同的。delicate a. 微妙的,棘手的;灵敏的,精密的。downward a. 向下的,下行的。distant a. 久远的,在远处的。

distinction [disˈtiŋkʃ(ə)n] n. ①差别,不同

②区分,辨别

③清晰度

【试题精练】Being color-blind, he can't make a ______between red and green.

A. separation

B. distinction

C. division

D. definition

【答案】B. distinction n. 区分,辨别;差别,不同,对比(如What is the distinction between ducks and geese? There is a distinction between… She made no distinction between the two.)。separation n. 分离;分开;分手。division n. 分开;分配;部门。definition n. 定义,释义。

distinguish [disˈtiŋɡwiʃ] v. ①辨认出;区别,区分

②(常与from连用)使别于;有……特点

Speeches distinguishes man from the animals.语言使人区别于动物。

③使杰出;使扬名

The young officer distinguished himself many times in battle.这个年轻军官屡建战功。

【习惯用语】①be distinguished as辨明为,称之为②be distinguished by以……为特征③be distinguished for以……而著名

Colour-blind people often find it difficult to______between blue and green.

A. separate

B. contrast

C. compare

D. distinguish

【答案】D. distinguish v. 区别,辨别,区分(句型:distinguish between A and B: distinguish A from B;distinguish two things apart.)。separate v. (使)分开,(使)分离(句型:separate two things;separate one from the other)。contrast vt. 对比,对照;vi. 与……形成对比,对比之下显出区别(句型:contrast A and B;A contrasts with B)。compare vt. 比较,对照;比拟为(句型:compare A and B;compare A with B将A与B作比较;compare A to B把A比作B)。

distinguished [disˈtiŋɡwiʃt] a. 以……著名的,杰出的

distort [disˈtɔːt] vt. ①歪曲(事实等),曲解

②弄歪(sway)

③使……失真

distract [disˈtrækt] v. 使……分心,使分散注意力,扰乱

distress [diˈstres] n. ①苦恼,痛苦,不舒适

②不幸,危难

v. 使悲痛(苦恼)

He was ready to lend a helping hand to anyone in______.

A. demand

B. case

C. question

D. distress

【答案】D. distress n. 不幸,危难;忧虑,悲伤,痛苦(如be in distress危难中的。Dr. Sun was then plunged into great distress.)。be in demand 有需求。in case假使;以防万一。in question所说的,正在谈论中的。

distribute [diˈstribjuːt] vt. 分发,分配,散布,分布,分类,分区

district [ˈdistrikt] n. 区域;行政区

disturb [disˈtəːb] vt. 打扰,使烦恼;妨碍

However, at times this balance in nature is______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.

A. troubled

B. confused

C. disturbed

D. puzzled

【答案】C. disturb vt. 打乱,弄乱;扰乱;打扰,使不安。trouble vt. 使烦恼,使苦恼;麻烦,费神。confuse vt. 使混乱,混淆。puzzle v. (使)迷惑,(使)为难。

disturbance [disˈtəːbəns] n. ①扰乱,打扰

②骚乱,混乱

③心神不安,烦恼

ditch [ditʃ] n. (明)沟,沟渠

dive [daiv] vi./n. ①跳水;潜水

②跳入;冲入;窜进

He dived into an alley.他突然跑进一条小巷消失了。

③突然插入;猛地伸入

【习惯用语】①make a dive for向……冲去②take a dive突然下降,(市价)暴跌;[美俚]假装被打倒③dive in(头朝下)跳进水里;开始吃;猛吃

diverse [daiˈvəːs] a. ①不同的

The wild life in Africa is extremely______.

A. variable

B. sufficient

C. diverse

D. distinctive

【答案】C。diverse a. 多种多样的;不同的,相异的(如John and his brother have diverse interests. There are diverse ways of approaching the problem.)。variable a. 易变的;可变的,变量的。sufficient (for) a. 充足的,足够的。distinctive a. 明显不同的,特别的,突出的。

diversion [daiˈvəːʃ(ə)n] n. 转移,转向,(河流、航线等的)改道

【长难例句】Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.陌生人和旅游者是受欢迎的消遣的来源,他们带来外部世界的新闻。

diversity [daiˈvəːsiti] n. 差异,多样化,变化

divert [daiˈvəːt] vt. ①使转向,使转移

②扰乱

Please don't let such a small matter divide us.请不要让这点小事使我们失和。

【词义辨析】divide和separate

divide:把一件东西分成若干份儿、若干块儿或若干组,其目的有时是为了分配。separate:把原来结合在一起的东西拆开,或指把混杂在一起的东西分开。也指某种自然因素造成的阻隔。

dividend [ˈdividend] n. 被除数,股息,红利,额外津贴,奖金,年息

divine [diˈvain] a. 神(圣)的;非凡的,超人的;非常可爱的

n. 牧师

division [diˈviʒ(ə)n] n. ①分开;分配;部门;除法

②部分;片段;章节

③〈军〉师

divorce [diˈvɔːs] n./v. 离婚;(使)分离

dizzy [ˈdizi] a. 头昏眼花的,眩晕的