1．Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？

句中could为情态动词，表示一种委婉的语气，

礼貌地提出请求，意思为“请你……可以吗？”。

句中的please使语气更加委婉，也可以省略。

肯定回答常用语：Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem.

否定回答常用语：Sorry, I can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.

Could you please...? 句型的否定结构是在please后加not。

2. work on为动词短语，其中on为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

(1)work with 与……共事 (2)work for 效劳；为……工作

(3)work out演算出；制定 (4)work at 努力做；致力于

(5)work as从事……工作，as后接职业名词。

3．take out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间（常考）；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边（了解即可）

【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走

take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞

4. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？

do the dishes 洗碗

【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服

【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生

【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业

【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物

Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？

1】Could I do sth? 我可以做......吗？

用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?

2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过

Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.

3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事

— Can you finish reading these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.

5.I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。

1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常视作一个整体，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

How time is flies! Three years is (be) really a short time.

足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）

【解析2】enough I don’t have enough money with me.

足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming.

【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.

【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

6.mess，常用可数名词单数形式，意为“杂乱；不整洁”。

短语： in a mess 乱七八糟；make a mess弄脏；搞成一团糟

7.Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?

你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？

【解析】take out 拿出；取出（注意V+adv 结构）

take 的用法：

（带走）Please take some books to the classroom.

（吃，英语中吃药常用take）Take this medicine three times a day.

（乘坐)They usually take the bus to work.

（花费）It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.

【拓展】take 构成的短语（必须背，加油哦）：

take a walk 去散步

take a rest 休息

take care of 照顾

take off 脱下；起飞

take up 占据

take down 拿下

take one’s time 不急；慢慢来

take one’s temperature 量体温

8. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .

我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。

【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” （注意主将从现） Please write to me the minute you get there.

【解析2】 in front of

指在物体外部的前面

There is a bike in front of the classroom.

【辨析】 指在物体内部的前面

Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom

【记】 The driver sat in the front of the car. The policeman stood in front of the car.

【注意】有the无the区别大：

at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院

at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

【解析3】come over 过来

【拓展】 come 短语（必须要背啊）：

come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出

come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于

come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点

come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

9. throw, throw sb. sth.=throw sth. to sb.扔给某人某物。

throw 相关的其他短语：

throw away 扔掉；丢弃

throw down 扔下

throw at 向……扔（恶意，带攻击性）

throw to 投给……（不含有恶意）
10. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。

【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不”

⑴ neither两者都不

neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定（就近原则） eg.Neither Tom nor Jim is a student

⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”

—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.

11. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.

第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。

【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语

【注】find → found →found v寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事

(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found it hard to finish the work by herself.

12. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。

【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的（巧记：ed修饰人，ing修饰物）

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

13. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.

“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。

【解析1】need v 需要

用于肯定句，是实义动词。

(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done

①Students need ___to have_______(have) a good rest in studying. ②The watch needs__mending___(mend).

用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t

— Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t

【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物

14. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？

【易错点】 hang—hung—hung 悬挂； hang—hanged—hanged 吊死，绞死

hang的过去式巧记：规则的绞死，不规则的挂

【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起

15. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？

【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人 pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students.

⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.

⑶ v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.

16. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、

Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？

【解析】borrow /lend/keep

(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语【借进来】

borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.

(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】

lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.

(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】

【记】 I want to borrow a bike from my friend but he didn’t lend it to me,

because Tom had kept it for two days.

17. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.

我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。

【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。

try v 试图，设法，努力

【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽全力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

18. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。

hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.

hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room.

19.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?

那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？

【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。

ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事

(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事

ask构成的短语：

ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事

ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事

ask sb for sth 向某人要某物

ask for help 寻求帮助
20.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。

【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事

— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? — Yes, I can.

【解析2】while conj. “在……期间； 当……的时候”

While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。

_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。

【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的

(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下

(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下

①I think reading is very helpful (help).

②Without your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.

21. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？

【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地

【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请

(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事

(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地

22. I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。

【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事

make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得

(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.

Colors can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad, energetic or sleep.

23. They don’t have time to study and do housework，too.

【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time =be free 有空

23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。

【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱 waste v “浪费” waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱

Don’t waste water. Can’t you see the sign “save water”?

24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and

get into a good university.

【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费......

spend/pay/cost/take 花费（必须掌握，区分的重点已经标红）

(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人

◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth

◆spend on= pay for 支付

He spends too much time on the computer games.

Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.

My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.

(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人

◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.

— How much did you __pay__ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars.

(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事

◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱

A new computer costs me a lot of money.

I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.

(4)take→took → taken v 花费

◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.

【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事

He ran quickly in order not to be late for the meeting.

【解析3】get into =enter 进入

【拓展】与get相关的短语(必须背）：

get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服

get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车

get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧

get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事

get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会

get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)

24.Also, when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.

【解析】get older 长大

get/ become/ go辨析：

⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。 The days are getting longer and longer.

⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.

⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿

25. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。

【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物

provide v 提供

provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物

相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.

provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给” provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物

offer 侧重表示“愿意给予” offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事

supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物

② The Internet provides us with a lot of information we need.

② —Could you please provide us with some information about the students’ health? — Of course, it’s my pleasure.

26. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）

27. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.

【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的

（记最核心的： It is+ adj+(for sb) to do sth,其他的都是根据这个转换的)

28. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。

【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖

—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all depends on the weather.

29. Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.

每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。

【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分 Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责

30. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。

【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识

develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的

a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家

China is a developing country.

31. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。

【解析】since conj. 既然 (表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）

—You have been in Neijiang very long? —Yeah. __Since___my parents came here.

32. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。

take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to take care of my baby at home.

【拓展】与take相关的短语（必须背）：

take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 take a walk散步

take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温 take one’s time别着急

33. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。

【解析1】as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）

Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child.

【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡

34 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。

【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...... 越...... ”

The more 八年级英语下册Unit 3 知识点总结you smile, the happier you will feel.

比较级+and+比较级“越来越......”

I become thiner and thiner.

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