妥协英文、妥协英文短语?

考点03代词 答案解析

题组一基础过关

用适当的代词填空

1.that　 2.Anyone　 3.it　 4.one　 5.mine/me　

6.my　 7.something　 8.neither　 9.None　 10.another

题组二能力提升

I.单项选择

1.B 【解析】nothing of不够……的素质或条件。句意：＂你觉得那个新图书管理员怎么样？＂＂她不是一个好办事员，因为她甚至不知道如何将图书进行分类。＂故选B。

2.B 【解祈】句意：大学生应该学会妥协。但是大学生中有有些人只是希望人们为他们而改变，而不是相反。not the other way around而不是相反的。根据句意故选B。

3.B【解析】考查代词。句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。

4.C 【解析】 that/those在句中用来代替前面出现的同类比较对象，that指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，that指代上文提到的＂the degree of wealth concentration＂。句意：据基尼指数显示，过去35年来，中国的财富集中度增长了三分之一，如今比美国还高。

5.D【解祈】句意：＂我卖掉了我的第一幅画！＂＂太棒了！一定有人认为你的画是极好的。＂This/It is really something为习惯用法，意为＂太棒了，好极了＂。该句中something指＂重要的事物(人)，有一定意义的事物＂，符合句意。故答案选D。

6.A 【解析】句意：发短信是一回事，而让收到短信的人做什么事又是另外一回事。(one…)another(表示另外一个，故选A项。

7.D 【解析】句意：要说我以前怕死过，可要与坐着过山车转得越来越快时的感觉相比，那简直算不上什么了。 即：没有什么可以与坐着过山车转得越来越快时的感觉相比。故选noth-ing。

8.B【解析】句意：实际上，只用稍作研究，爱因斯坦的相对论和他的其他的科学著作并不是那么难理解的。that hard=so hard那么难。

9. D 【解析】考查代词。句意：Tina有一本新的字典，我也渴望有一本（新字典）。指代上文的a new dictionary用one代替；that指上文的可数名词单数或不可数名词，后面有后置定语；it特指上文的可数名词单数或不可数名词，this表示＂这个＂；one泛指可数名词单数。故选D。

10.B【解析】考查形容词和代词。another是形容词，通常接单数名词，＂又一个，再一个，另一的＂的意思。another two days意思是＂还要两天＂。other可以作为形容词或代词，表示＂其他的，另外的＂。当other作为形容词时，后面通常接复数名词，这是它与another的主要区别。the other指的是两个人或两件东西中的＂另一个＂。other作为代词时，复数是o--thers，表示＂别的（人或物）＂，＂其余的（人或物）＂。

II. 语篇填空

1.it/them　 2.he　 3.him　 4.Another　 5.them

6.both　 7.they　 8.me　 9.It　 10.it

题组三体验真题

1. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school.

【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。

2. They改为There

【解析】句意：这项决定有两个原因。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释，故此处要用there be句型。故将they改为there。

3.D 【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案为D。

【名师点睛】it 为形式宾语，其后的不定式为真正的宾语。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。另外，某些表示＂喜、怒、哀、乐＂的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语。

4.A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。

5.B 【解析】句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。

6.D 【解析】 all全部； none没有一个； either两个中任何一个；neither两者都不。句意：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D。

7.B 【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：——谁在门外？——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。

8.A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：我认为Stark夫人在50到60岁之间在哪里都行。此处anywhere意为：任何地方，符合句意。

9.C 【解析】句意：微笑是无需付出任何成本的。该句中的but一词构成前后语义矛盾，＂微笑不花钱，但却给予他人很多。nothing与much形成语义对比。故本题选择C项。cost noth---ing意为＂无需付出＂。

10.C 【解析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意：Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故选C。

11. A 【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示＂近指＂one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。

12. B【解析】句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。

【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句； nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。

考点04 介词和介词短语

【命题解读】

介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。

【命题预测】

高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

【复习建议】

1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；

2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；

3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。

介词的分类

考向① 介词短语的功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

考向② 常考介词的辨析

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。

一.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别

1.（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who sh-ares your interests.

A.in exchange for B.in answer to C.in contact with D.in memory of

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exc-hange for作为交换；B. in answer to回答；C. in contact with接触，与……有联系；D. in me-mory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。

2.（2020·天津卷·单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a m-onkey.

A.in the shape of B.beyond the reach of

C.at the mercy of D.on the side of

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy o-f 受……的支配；D. on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。

3.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.

A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。

4. （2019· 新课标I卷·语法填空）Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform(perform) consisten-tly over a large area.

【答案】of/for

【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，＂methods of doing sth.＂,意为＂……的方法＂，构成固定结构。或者意为＂对于跟踪北极熊的方法＂用for。故填of/for。

5.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bea-rs may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are.

【答案】of/for

6.（2019·新课标III卷·语法填空）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dog-s，seven to be exact.

【答案】of

【解析】考查介词。＂a pack of＂意为＂一群＂。故填of。

7.（2017·新课标卷I·　短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to ret-urn for every two years, he agreed.

【答案】删除for

【解析】时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。

二. 常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别

三．容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组

【难点释疑】

一、常用介词辨异

1. about，on，of 关于

①on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于＂学术上＂的＂论文＂或＂演说＂等题目，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读，有＂论及＂之意。

②about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式，有＂述及＂之意。

③of作＂关于＂讲，表示提及、涉及某人（事）时，只表示事情存在或发生，并不涉及详情；有时与about意义相近，但有时意义很不同，常与动词know、hear、learn（听说）、sp-eak、talk、think、tell等连用。

2. except，except for，except that，but，besides，beside

①except＂除……之外＂，指不包括……，后面常接名词、代词（人称代词常用宾格），还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带to。

②except for＂除了，只有＂，意思和except一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。

③except that＂除了，只是＂，意思和except、except for一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when、where等词引导的其他从句。

④but所含＂除……外＂的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词（主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词）之后。

⑤besides表示＂除……外还有＂，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides可用作副词，相当于also，有＂而且，加之，何况＂之意。

⑥beside也是介词，表示＂在附近＂，只不过形似besides，容易相互混淆。

如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用except，否则就用except for。

3. including，included

①including是一个介词，意为＂包括＂，它一般放在包括对象的前面。

②included是一个过去分词，意为＂包括＂。它一般用于被动语态中，也可放在包括对象的后面。

4. in，later，during 都与时段名词搭配

①in作介词，同时段名词搭配，即＂in + 时段名词＂，一般用于将来时。

②later表示＂……以后＂，常同时段名词搭配，即＂时段名词 + later＂，常与过去时连用。

③during作介词时，同时段名词搭配，即＂during + 时段名词＂，常与现在时或将来时等连用。

5. in，with，by 用

①with通常指＂用＂具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示＂用＂某种手段、音调等。

②by作介词表示＂用＂时，一般指＂用＂方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词前面一般不加修饰语。

③in指＂用＂语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。

二、介词的省略

1. 当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。

Come any day you like. 你想哪天来就哪天来。

2. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作＂每一……＂解时，前面不用介词。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。

3. 习惯搭配中介词的省略

一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有：spend money/ti-me (in) doing sth，waste money/time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。

三、介词不可遗漏的情况

1. 含有不及物动词的不定式在形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作状语，且构成不定式的动词与句子的主语存在动宾关系或主语是不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。

The chair is comfortable to sit on/in. 这把椅子坐着舒服。

The man is difficult to work with. 这个人很难共事。

2. 当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。

The problem is well worth paying attention to. 这个问题很值得关注。

3. 在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。

Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音。

4. 在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。

The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我们经常去的那个图书馆离我们的学校不远。

5. 在too...to...，enough... to...，so... as to...等结构中，含有不及物动词的不定式作结果状语，构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，且该动词与主语构成动宾关系或主语为不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。

The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。

题组一 基础过关

单句改错

1. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Joe wasted a lot time before he got down to work.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed.

_________________________________________________________________________

4. Only a few months ago, this area suffered by the worst drought in a century.

_________________________________________________________________________

5. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country.

_________________________________________________________________________

6. Appreciate and honor what you have instead focusing on what you do not.

_________________________________________________________________________

7. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age.

_________________________________________________________________________

8. I just couldn’t laugh to his jokes the way I used to.

_________________________________________________________________________

题组二 能力提升

I.单项填空

1. This experience teaches me a lesson: Never judge a person simply ________ the first im-pression.

A.in the form of B. with the help of

C. on the basis of D.in case of

2. It was quite________ me why people preferred to go to the island on such a cold night.

A. against B. over

C. beyond D. above

3. ________ our disagreements, we have been able to find some common ground.

A. Beyond B. For

C. Despite D. By

4. Sometimes it’s tough to get off the couch and go for a run. With so many digital devices at your fingertips, how can you possibly keep________?

A.in turn B.in shape

C.in return D.in charge

5. I feel that one of my main duties ________a teacher is to help the students to become b-etter learners.

A. for B. like

C.as D. with

6. These comments came _______specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

A. in memory of B. in response to

C. in touch with D. in possession of

7. Most people work because it’s unavoidable，_____there are some people who actually enjoy work.

A. As a result B. In addition

C. By contrast D. In conclusion

8. A common memory they all have_____ their school days is the school uniform.

A. of B. on C. to D. with

9. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live _________nature.

A. in view of B. in need of

C.in touch with 　 D. in harmony with

10. Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ______Thomas Edison.

A. thanks to B. regardless of

C. aside from D. but for

II.语篇填空

As I walked __1__the city streets，I passed a young man searching through a small bl-ock of land that contained a mix of leaves and rubbish. I was somewhat puzzled why some-one __2__him would be searching through rubbish. Finding this a little odd，I asked him，＂What are you searching __3__？＂ He replied very simply that he was looking for mone-y.

After talking __4__him for a little longer，I found out that he had become homeless aft-er getting laid __5__ from his job. Since then，he had been working __6__ part-time jobs i-n a doctor's office and in a food bank to earn some money. But he made so little that he lost heart. The man seemed fairly talented，although he was a little dirty.

I told him that our thoughts create our reality，and I suggested that he not give __7__ and t-hink __8__ a positive way. During the whole talk，what I stressed was that he was young and that everything was possible. Although he didn't respond __9__ the spot，my sense tol-d me that what I said seemed to have an effect __10__ him.

题组三 体验真题

1. （2020·新课标卷III·完形填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.

2.（2019· 浙江卷·语法填空）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this

question is not clear.

3.（2019·新课标卷II·短文填空）When I studied chemistry __high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.

4. （2018·新课标卷II·完形填空）I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was. I’m just so gl-ad I was there___60___ to help my son.

A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose

5. （2018·新课标卷II·短文改错）They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.

6. （2018·北京卷·单项填空） —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.

—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday after-noon.

A. for B. on C. in D. at

7. （2018·江苏卷·单项填空）China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing apprecia-tion and understanding of China globally.

A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of

8.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.

A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random

9.（2017·天津·单项填空）We offer an excellent education to our students. ___________, we expect students to work hard.

A. On average B. At best

C. In return D. After all

10.（2017·天津·完形填空）… My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.

A. in search of B. in need of

C. in place of D. in support of

11. （2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）_____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

12. （2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.

13. （2017·新课标II卷·短文改错）They have also bought for some gardening tools. Besides, they often get some useful information from the internet.

14.（2016·天津卷·单项填空）The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.

A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach

15.（2016·浙江卷·单项填空）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.

A. on B. in C. at D. about

16.（2016·全国新课标卷II·语法填空）Most of us are more focused 44 ___our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

17.（2016·浙江）That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he’s reliable.

A. Or else B. In short

C. By the way D. For one thing

明天晚上公布答案，同学们加油哦[微笑][加油]