考点04 介词和介词短语 答案解析

题组一基础过关

单句改错

1. 去掉to 【解析】句意:我借给她一些钱,以便她能去度假。动词lend后可接双宾语,所以to多余。

2. 在time 前加of 【解析】句意:乔在开始工作前浪费了不少时间。a lot of为固定用法,意为"许多",后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。注意:a lot为副词短语,表程度。

3. 去掉in 【解析】句意:最大的难题是,几乎所有的通讯系统都被破坏了。根据语境及句子结构可知,句中用that引导表语从句。

4. by → from 【解析】句意:仅在几个月前,这个地区遭受了一次本世纪以来最为严重的旱灾。suffer from为固定用法,意为"忍受,遭受"。

5. for → of 【解析】句意:他们很好,邀请我访问他们的国家。" It’s kind of sb to do sth"为固定句型。注意:在"It is/was + adj. +of/for sb to do"句型中,当形容词为easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,necessary等时用介词for,而当形容词为描述人的品德及特征的kind,polite,nice,wise,clever,silly,foolish等时用介词of。

6. 在instead后加of 【解析】句意:感激并且尊重你所拥有的,而不是将注意力放在你没有的东西上。instead of 为复合介词,意为"而不是"。

7. 去掉 in 【解析】句意:这个男孩想参军,但因为年纪小被拒绝了。join表示"参加,加入(某个组织)"时, 后面不加介词in;表示"参加(某项活动)"时,才加 in。

8. 第一个to → at 【解析】句意:我就是不能像以前那样因他讲的笑话而发笑。laugh at为固定搭配,意为"嘲笑,因……而发笑"。

题组二能力提升

I.单项填空

1.C 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in the form of"以……的形式",with the help of"在……的帮助下",on the basis of "以……为基础",in case of"如果,假使"。结合语境可知选C。

2.C 【解析】考查介词。句意:我很不理解为什么人们愿意在那样冷的一个晚上登那个岛。against"反对",over"翻越,在……上面",above"在……上面,超过",均不符合句意。be beyond sb."某人无法理解",符合句意,故选C。

3.C 【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:尽管我们存在分歧,但仍能找到一些共同点。despite"即使,尽管",符合句意。

4.B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:有时,很难从沙发上站起来,稍微活动一下。手边有那么多数码设备,你怎么可能保持健康呢?in shape"健康",符合句意。in turn"轮流,相应地";in return

"作为回报";in charge"负责"。

5.C 【解析】句意:我觉得作为教师,其主要职责之一就是帮助学生成为更好的学习者。as作介词有"作为"的意思,符合语境。

6.B 【解析】句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。in memory of纪念; in response to回应; in touch with联系;in possession of拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案是B。

7.C 【解析】句意:很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的,相反,有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思,可以知道前后是表示对比。As a result意为结果,In addition 意为此外, By contrast意为相反, In conclusion意为结论。"不可避免"表述到一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是"事实上有些人喜欢工作", "喜欢"和"不得不"刚好构成一种否定,所以选C。

8.A 【解析】考查介词辨析。of 关于,表示从属关系; on表示在……之上; to表示对于; with表示和……在一起。句意:他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。have a memory of对……有记忆,是固定短语,故选A。

9.D 【解析】考查短语辨析。 in view of在……眼里; in need of需要; in touch with和……接触; In harmony with与……和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词,该句意思为:人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意,故选D。

10.D 【解析】句意: 要不是爱迪生的发明, 今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。thanks to "多亏",具有很强的迷惑性,如将题干改成"_____ Thomas Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things around us."则选A项;B项"不管,不顾";C项"除了";D项"要不是",常用于隐藏式(含蓄式)虚拟条件句。故选D项。

II.语篇填空

1.along/down  2.like  3.for  4.with  5.off 

6.on  7.up  8.in  9.on  10.on

题组三体验真题

1.on【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。

2. to 【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。

3. chemistry 后面加上in/at【解析】考查介词。“在高中”需要在地点名词前加介词in或者at,故在high school前加in/at。

4. B 【解析】考查介词词组词义辨析。 我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。 A. on board在船上;B. in time及时;C. for sure肯定;D. on purpose目的。故选B项切题。

5.for改为with 【解析】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示"和某人一块玩游戏",故把for改为with。

6.A 【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为"为……预约",是固定搭配,故A选项正确。

7.A 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与...一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬;D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。

8.B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all毕竟,终究。C. above all首先;D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。

9. C 【解析】句意:我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育,作为回报,我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A. 平均起来,一般说来;B. 最多,充其量;C. 作为回报;D. 毕竟,终究。根据句意故选C。

10. D 【解析】根据上文raise $50,000可知,此处表示"为了支持三十年前为了结束饥饿而创办的一项活动"。A. 为了寻找;B. 需要;C. 代替;D. 为了支持。故选D。

11. as 考查介词。句意:这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示"作为,以……身份",故填as。

12. 第一处:suddenly改为sudden 考查形容词。句意:我来了个紧急刹车。suddenly是副词,表示"意外地,忽然地"。sudden为形容词,表示"突然的;迅速的",修饰名词stop用形容词,故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示"急刹车"。

第二处:on改为of 考查介词。分析语境可知此处表示"在路中间急刹车",on the road表示"在路上",the middle of the road表示"路的中央",强调的是"the middle",故将on改为of。

13. 第一处:将for去掉:考查动词,bought是及物动词,后无需跟介词,故将for去掉。

第二处:beside改为besides:考查连接词,beside是介词,"在……旁边",而这里需要一个连接词,故将beside改为besides。

14. B 【解析】句意:这本字典过时了:自从它被出版,很多单词被增加到这种语言中。A.失去控制;B.过时的;C.看不见的;D.够不着的。故选B。

15. B 【析】句意:研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句,省略了that,定语从句中cultures作宾语,那么还缺少一个介词,和cultures搭配用介词in,故选B。

16. on 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。形容词短语be focused on意为"集中于……"。

17. B 【解析】句意:这个年轻人是诚实的,有合作精神的,当你需要他的帮助的时候,他总是在那里。简言之,他是可靠的。A.否则;B.简言之;C.顺便说一下;D.首先。故选B。


考点05 数词

高考频度:★★★★☆

【命题解读】

高考对数词的考查常常出现在听力、完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。数词部分主要考查:

①基数词的用法

②序数词的用法

③倍数的表示方法

【命题预测】

听力理解对数词的考查主要集中在对各种号码、序列等表述。语法填空对名词数词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词的复数形式等。

【名师指导】

1. 注意数词的基本拼写方法

从近年高考试题看,高考语法填空对数词的考查离不开具体的语境,在语境中考查数词的相关知识。做题时,既要全面、整体地看题干,还要注意分析句子成分,并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常,涉及名词考点的试题包括:

(1)根据语境判断名词的单复数;

(2)提示词是形容词、动词等此类,根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词;

(3)名词的固定搭配;

(4)名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识

2. 关注常见的号码及序列等的表述

语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识,解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点,试题是考查名词的词类转换,还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格,还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等,确定了考点之后,再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。

3. 熟悉各种比较级倍数的表达方式

高考对名词的考查注重基础,我们在平时的复习中要打好基础,掌握足够的考纲词汇,并熟知其常见搭配和用法,并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。


考向一 可数名词的复数

(1)规则变化

情况

方法

例词

一般情况

加-s

students,teachers,doc tors,tables

以s,x,ch,sh结尾

加-es

glasses,dishes,boxes,watches但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs

以辅音字母+y结尾

变y为i再加-es

families,babies,armies,bodies

以元音字母+y结尾

加-s

boys,toys,pianos,photos

以f或fe结尾

大都变f或fe为v,再加-es

thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives

少数加-s

beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs

以o结尾

通常加-s

radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos

有的加-es

heroes,potatoes,tomatoes

【名师点睛】

①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿",即Negro-es,heroes,echoes,

potatoes,tomatoes。

但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquito-s (mosquitoes)

蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。

②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves,它们是"为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手

里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半",即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knive-s,leaves,shelves,

wolves,halves。

但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs (hand-kerchieves) 手帕。

③名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman doctor→women doctors

(2)不规则变化

①自身有特殊变化的名词

child孩子→children  man男人→men  tooth牙→teeth

  foot脚,英尺→feet  mouse老鼠→mice  phenomenon现象→phenomena 

medium传播媒介→media

②常见单复数同形的名词:

Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊; deer鹿; series 系列;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。 其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。

☞Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.

☞Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.

③合成名词的复数形式:

son-in-law → sons-in-law passer-by → passers-by story-teller → story-tellers

【名师点睛】

名词+名词时,仅将后面的名词变复数:girl student → girl students 但是man/woman+名词时,前后都要变为复数:

woman singer → women singers


1. (2019 • 江苏卷高考)Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shop-ping to food and scenery.

A. priority B. potential C proportion D. pension

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。

2.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.

A. statement B. impact

C. impression D. judgment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement"陈述说明"; impact"强烈的影响,冲击力"; impression"印象,感想"; judgement

"判断力判断"。故选B。

3.(2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).

【答案】causes

【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。

4. (2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错)Last winter when I went here (改为there) again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.

【答案】chicken改为chickens

【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知,其后用名词复数形式。

5. (2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.

【答案】sort改为sorts

【解析】sort 在 此意为"种类",是可数名词,和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.

6. (2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

【答案】effects

【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是"一些不为人知的副作用",根据前文的some可知"side effect"(副作用)有很多,故填effects。


题组一 基础过关

1. ___, when Marx was alread__________ , he found it was important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian.

A.In 1870s, in his fifties B.In 1870s, in fifties

C.In the 1870s, in fifties

D.In the 1870s, in his fifties

2.Two ________ died of cold last winter.

A.hundreds old people B.hundred old people

C.hundreds old peoples D.hundred old peoples

3.There are 24 solar terms节气 in a year. Grain Rain often starts in April, the____ month of the year.

A.Third B. fourth C.fifth D.sixth

4.—Have you heard of the Two-Child policy?

—Of course. And I know many couples have new babies in their_______ .

A.forties B.fortieth C.the fortieth D.forty

5.Most of the doctors in this hospital were born_______ , and they are now._________

A.in the 1970; in their fifties B.in 1970s; in the fiftieth

C.in the 1970s; in fiftieth

D.in the 1970s; in their fifties

6.Shortly after the accident, two_______ police were sent to the post to keep order.

A.dozen of B.dozens C.dozen D.dozens of

7.This cinema can offer ________seats to audience.

A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of

8.Our country is nearly ________years old. We'll celebrate its_____ birthday on October 1, 2019 around the country.

A.seventy, seventy B.seventy, seventieth

C.seventieth, seventy D.seventieth, seventieth

9.__________ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps.

A.The hundredth B.The hundred

C.Hundredth D.A hundredth

10.She went to the bookstore and bought ________.

A.dozen books B.dozens books

C.dozen of books D.dozens of books

11.-----What’s one -third and a half, do you know?

----- Yes, it’s ______.

A.two-sixths B.three-fourths

C.one-three D.five-sixths

12.Ten years ago the population of our village was ______ that of theirs.

A.as twice large as B.twice as large as C.twice as much as D.as twice as

13.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice________expensive.

A.as B.so

C.too D.very

14.–What do you think of Obama’s address to the nation?

--I like ___of what he said. Personally, It’ s a success.

A.many B.few C.much D.little

15.The number of traffic accidents caused by drinking is _____ as the number of those caused by non-drinking driving.

A.twice as many B.many as twice C.as twice large D.twice as large

题组二 能力提升

一、单项选择

1.He did it _________it took me.

A.one-third a time B.one-third time C.the one-third time D.one-third the time

2.This restaurant wasn't________ that other restaurant we went to.

A.half as good as B.as half good as

C.as good as half D.good as half as

3.In Lebanon, they say, a 50% increase in the price of cigarettes would lead to ________ many people ________ smoking in poorer households as wealthy families.

A.as twice; quitting B.twice as; to quit C.as twice; to quit D.twice as; quitting

4.It is said that people are________ likely to tell lies over the phone as they are in emails.

A.as twice B.twice as C.twice more D.twice than

5.About _______ gene-targeting drugs are already in testing pipeline. It won’t be long ______ they are put into effect.

A.two dozen; before B.two dozens; that

C.two dozens of; before D.dozens; that

6.—I was told that Tom made rapid progress.

—Well, after several years’ self-study he acquired _________knowledge.

A.a large number of B.a great many

C.scores of D.a great deal of


二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子

根据句子的意思和中文提示,运用正确的时态语态等恰当形式补全句子,每空1词,使得句意通顺,语法正确。

7.是在山区里找到那个疑犯吗?

_______ _______in the_______area that the_______was found out?

8.那个受害人一进入房间,我们就看不到他了。

Hardly had the_______entered the room_______we lost sight of him.

9.那个游乐园那么成功的原因是,它以水上世界为模型。

The reason why the amusement park was so successful was _______ it had been_______ ________the Water Park.

10.他一按按纽,电源就被切断了。

The power was_______ _______the_______he pressed the button.

11.直到他背对着我,我才留意到他已经受伤了。

No until he_______his back to me,_______I notice he had been_______.

12.五分之三的票已经在网上被提前预定了。

Three_______of the tickets_______been booked_______ _______.

13.他对那个结果很失望-----那部电影是一个失败。

He was disappointed about the outcome_______the movie was_______ _______.

14.新晋父母经常受睡眠不足的折磨。

New parents constantly suffer from_______ _______sleep.

15.他经常处于一种他自己不知道怎样处理的境况。

He is in a dangerous situation_______he doesn't know how to deal with.

16.我们不该抱怨自己贫穷,因为很多家庭经济状况比我们更窘迫。

We shouldn't complain about being poor because many families are much _______ _____ than we are.

题组三 体验真题

1.Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.

A.some B.less C.much D.more

2.Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s,but it cost________his.

A.as much twice as B.twice as much as

C.much as twice as D.as twice much as

3.I like this jacket better than that one,but it costs almost three times ________.

A.as much B.as many

C.so much D.so many

4.It is reported that the floods have left about _______ people homeless.

A.two thousand B.two-thousands

C.two thousands D.two thousands of


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